Human Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Model of Chronic Drug Exposure.

Animal models have been instrumental in providing insight into the molecular basis of disease. While such information has been successfully applied to the study of human disease, this translation would be significantly strengthened by the availability of models based on human cells. This would be particularly important for cardiovascular disease, as the physiology of human cardiomyocytes (CMs) differs significantly from rodents. Here, we have generated a three-dimensional human engineered cardiac tissue, termed biowire, from human embryonic stem cell-derived CMs to investigate the effects of chronic (7 day) treatment with isoproterenol, endothelin-1, or angiotensin II. We show that biowires chronically treated with either isoproterenol, endothelin-1, or angiotensin II have disrupted myofibril alignment and significantly reduced force of contraction. Isoproterenol-treated biowires have upregulated brain natriuretic peptide and atrial natriuretic peptide gene expression. Endothelin-1 and angiotensin II-treated biowires demonstrated a significantly increased cell size. Endothelin-1-treated biowires exhibited increased cardiac troponin secretion into the culture media. This demonstrates that human biowires treated for 7 days with isoproterenol, angiotensin II, or endothelin-1 exhibit some changes compatible with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.