Chianese Rosanna, Pierantoni Riccardo
Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Jan 11;10(1):92. doi: 10.3390/antiox10010092.
Besides ATP production, mitochondria are key organelles in several cellular functions, such as steroid hormone biosynthesis, calcium homoeostasis, intrinsic apoptotic pathway, and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Despite the loss of the majority of the cytoplasm occurring during spermiogenesis, mammalian sperm preserves a number of mitochondria that rearrange in a tubular structure at the level of the sperm flagellum midpiece. Although sperm mitochondria are destroyed inside the zygote, the integrity and the functionality of these organelles seem to be critical for fertilization and embryo development. The aim of this review was to discuss the impact of mitochondria-produced ROS at multiple levels in sperm: the genome, proteome, lipidome, epigenome. How diet, aging and environmental pollution may affect sperm quality and offspring health-by exacerbating oxidative stress-will be also described.
除了产生三磷酸腺苷（ATP）外，线粒体还是多种细胞功能的关键细胞器，如类固醇激素生物合成、钙稳态、内源性凋亡途径以及活性氧（ROS）的产生。尽管在精子发生过程中大部分细胞质会丢失，但哺乳动物精子仍保留了一些线粒体，这些线粒体在精子鞭毛中段重新排列成管状结构。虽然精子线粒体会在合子内被破坏，但这些细胞器的完整性和功能似乎对受精和胚胎发育至关重要。本综述的目的是讨论线粒体产生的ROS在精子多个层面的影响：基因组、蛋白质组、脂质组、表观基因组。还将描述饮食、衰老和环境污染如何通过加剧氧化应激来影响精子质量和后代健康。
