Haines J D
Skiatook Minor Emergency and Family Medicine Center, Oklahoma.
Postgrad Med. 1988 Feb 15;83(3):83-4, 91. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1988.11700166.
Broncholithiasis, a disease that is probably much more common than has been reported, is most often associated with pulmonary infections, for example, tuberculosis and histoplasmosis. Stones originate from calcified peribronchial lymph nodes that erode into the tracheobronchial tree, but lithoptysis occurs infrequently. The most common symptoms are persistent cough and hemoptysis, sometimes followed by findings of obstructive pneumonia (fever, chills, and purulent sputum). Physical findings are nonspecific, and radiologic findings are varied. Complications include formation of a fistula between the respiratory tract and the esophagus or aorta and obstructive pulmonary symptoms. Treatment ranges from conservative management (simple observation) to thoracotomy for patients in whom complications from stone erosion develop. The prognosis of patients with broncholithiasis is generally excellent.
支气管结石症，一种可能比已报道的更为常见的疾病，最常与肺部感染相关，例如肺结核和组织胞浆菌病。结石起源于钙化的支气管周围淋巴结，这些淋巴结侵蚀进入气管支气管树，但咳出结石的情况很少见。最常见的症状是持续性咳嗽和咯血，有时随后会出现阻塞性肺炎的表现（发热、寒战和脓性痰）。体格检查结果无特异性，影像学表现多样。并发症包括呼吸道与食管或主动脉之间形成瘘管以及阻塞性肺部症状。治疗方法从保守处理（单纯观察）到对因结石侵蚀出现并发症的患者进行开胸手术不等。支气管结石症患者的预后通常良好。
