Mechanical Stress Affects Circadian Rhythm in Skeletal Muscle (C2C12 Myoblasts) by Reducing Per/Cry Gene Expression and Increasing Bmal1 Gene Expression.

BACKGROUND Circadian rhythm can modulate normal activity of humans in adapting to daily environment changes. Mechanical stress loading affects skeletal muscle development and bio-functions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of mechanical stress loading on circadian rhythm in skeletal muscle (C2C12 cells) and to explore the associated mechanism. MATERIAL AND METHODS C2C12 myoblasts were cultured and treated with mechanical stress loading. After mechanical stress loading for 6 h,12 h, and 24 h, we observed the C2C12 myoblasts and determined gene transcription and protein expression of Clock genes, including Clock, Bmal1, Per, and Cry using RT-PCR and western blot assay. RESULTS Mechanical stress loading triggered C2C12 cells growing by force direction and enhanced the cell proliferation at 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h. Gene transcription and protein expression of the core Clock-associated molecules, Clock and Bmal1, increased from start of loading to 12 h, and decreased from 12 h to 24 h. Gene transcription and protein expression of core Clock-associated molecules, Cry and Per, decreased in the first 12 h (from 6 h to 12 h) and increased in the last 12 h (from 12 h to 24 h). CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that mechanical stress loading affected circadian rhythm in skeletal muscle (C2C12 myoblasts) through reducing Per/Cry and enhancing Clock/Bmal1 gene expression. This study provides insights for investigating circadian rhythm and associated bio-functions of humans.