Vitorino Matheus Callak Teixeira, de Luca Corrêa Hugo, de Carvalho Cunha Verusca Najara, de Souza Mariana Saliba, Simões Herbert Gustavo, Rosa Thiago Dos Santos, Vieira Elaine, de Andrade Rosângela Vieira
Postgraduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília 71966-700, DF, Brazil.
Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília 71966-700, DF, Brazil.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Sep 8;26(17):8739. doi: 10.3390/ijms26178739.
The circadian rhythm controls the sleep/wake cycle and a wide variety of metabolic and physiological functions. Clock genes regulate it in response to both external and endogenous stimuli, and their expression may change because of aging, leading to an increased risk of health problems. Despite the well-described benefits of physical exercise as a circadian synchronizer, there is a lack of literature regarding the role of chronic exercise intensity in clock gene expression during aging. This article aims to analyze the differential expression of genes that regulate the biological clock under the effects of variable-intensity aerobic swimming training in aging mice, determining whether these exercise regimens interfere with the genomic regulation of the circadian rhythm. For this purpose, the mice were exposed to low- and high-intensity exercise and had their heart and gastrocnemius tissues molecularly analyzed by cDNA synthesis and qPCR to determine the expression levels of the selected genes: , , , , , , and . The results showed that low-intensity exercise, performed at workloads below the anaerobic threshold, significantly changed their expression in the gastrocnemius muscle ( < 0.05), while high-intensity exercise had no statistically significant effects ( > 0.05), with the heart being immune to exercise influence except when it comes to the gene, for which expression was increased ( = 0.031) by low-intensity exercise. Additionally, both body weight and lactate thresholds had no change during the experiment ( > 0.05), while the maximum supported workload was maintained for high-intensity exercise ( > 0.05) and increased for low-intensity exercise ( < 0.01), with the control group experiencing a decay instead ( < 0.05). Thus, the present study highlights the importance of chronic exercise in modulating clock genes and opens exciting possibilities for circadian medicine, such as improvements in exercise capacity, heart condition, and lipid metabolism for subjects of low-intensity regimens.
昼夜节律控制着睡眠/清醒周期以及多种代谢和生理功能。生物钟基因会根据外部和内部刺激对其进行调节，并且它们的表达可能会因衰老而发生变化，从而导致健康问题风险增加。尽管体育锻炼作为昼夜节律同步器的益处已被充分描述，但关于衰老过程中慢性运动强度在生物钟基因表达中的作用的文献却很匮乏。本文旨在分析衰老小鼠在不同强度有氧游泳训练影响下调节生物钟的基因的差异表达，确定这些运动方案是否会干扰昼夜节律的基因组调控。为此，将小鼠暴露于低强度和高强度运动中，并通过cDNA合成和qPCR对其心脏和腓肠肌组织进行分子分析，以确定所选基因： 、 、 、 、 、 和 的表达水平。结果表明，在低于无氧阈值的工作量下进行的低强度运动显著改变了它们在腓肠肌中的表达（ < 0.05），而高强度运动没有统计学上的显著影响（ > 0.05），心脏对运动影响具有抗性，除了 基因，低强度运动使其表达增加（ = 0.031）。此外，实验期间体重和乳酸阈值均无变化（ > 0.05），而高强度运动的最大支持工作量保持不变（ > 0.05），低强度运动的最大支持工作量增加（ < 0.），而对照组则出现下降（ < 0.05）。因此，本研究强调了慢性运动在调节生物钟基因方面的重要性，并为昼夜节律医学开辟了令人兴奋的可能性，例如改善低强度运动方案受试者的运动能力、心脏状况和脂质代谢。 01），而对照组则出现下降（ < 0.05）。因此，本研究强调了慢性运动在调节生物钟基因方面的重要性，并为昼夜节律医学开辟了令人兴奋的可能性，例如改善低强度运动方案受试者的运动能力、心脏状况和脂质代谢。
