Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, BR-415, Rodovia Ilhéus- Itabuna, Km-16, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia 45662-000, Brazil.
Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, BR-415, Rodovia Ilhéus- Itabuna, Km-16, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia 45662-000, Brazil.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2021 Feb;201:173105. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173105. Epub 2021 Jan 12.
The circadian system organizes circadian rhythms (biological cycles that occur around 24 h) that couple environmental cues (zeitgebers) with internal functions of the organism. The misalignment between circadian rhythms and external cues is known as chronodisruption and contributes to the development of mental, metabolic and other disorders, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases and addictive disorders. Drug addiction represents a global public health concern and affects the health and well-being of individuals, families and communities. In this manuscript, we reviewed evidence indicating a bidirectional relationship between the circadian system and the development of addictive disorders. We provide information on the interaction between the circadian system and drug addiction for each drug or drug class (alcohol, cannabis, hallucinogens, psychostimulants and opioids). We also describe evidence showing that drug use follows a circadian pattern, which changes with the progression of addiction. Furthermore, clock gene expression is also altered during the development of drug addiction in many brain areas related to drug reward, drug seeking and relapse. The regulation of the glutamatergic and dopaminergic neurocircuitry by clock genes is postulated to be the main circadian mechanism underlying the escalation of drug addiction. The bidirectional interaction between the circadian system and drug addiction seems to be mediated by the effects caused by each drug or class of drugs of abuse. These studies provide new insights on the development of successful strategies aimed at restoring/stabilizing circadian rhythms to reduce the risk for addiction development and relapse.
昼夜节律系统组织昼夜节律（大约 24 小时发生的生物周期），将环境线索（ Zeitgebers ）与生物体的内部功能联系起来。昼夜节律与外部线索之间的不匹配称为时间破坏，导致精神、代谢和其他疾病的发展，包括癌症、心血管疾病和成瘾障碍。药物成瘾是一个全球性的公共卫生问题，影响个人、家庭和社区的健康和福祉。在本文中，我们回顾了表明昼夜节律系统与成瘾障碍发展之间存在双向关系的证据。我们提供了有关昼夜节律系统与每种药物或药物类别的相互作用的信息（酒精、大麻、致幻剂、精神兴奋剂和阿片类药物）。我们还描述了证据表明，药物使用遵循昼夜节律模式，随着成瘾的发展而变化。此外，在与药物奖励、药物寻求和复发相关的许多大脑区域中，时钟基因表达在药物成瘾的发展过程中也发生了改变。时钟基因对谷氨酸能和多巴胺能神经回路的调节被假设为导致药物成瘾加剧的主要昼夜节律机制。昼夜节律系统和药物成瘾之间的双向相互作用似乎是由每种药物或滥用药物类别引起的影响介导的。这些研究为旨在恢复/稳定昼夜节律以降低成瘾发展和复发风险的成功策略的发展提供了新的见解。
