Logan Ryan W, Williams Wilbur P, McClung Colleen A
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.
Behav Neurosci. 2014 Jun;128(3):387-412. doi: 10.1037/a0036268. Epub 2014 Apr 14.
Circadian rhythms are prominent in many physiological and behavioral functions. Circadian disruptions either by environmental or molecular perturbation can have profound health consequences, including the development and progression of addiction. Both animal and humans studies indicate extensive bidirectional relationships between the circadian system and drugs of abuse. Addicted individuals display disrupted rhythms, and chronic disruption or particular chronotypes may increase the risk for substance abuse and relapse. Moreover, polymorphisms in circadian genes and an evening chronotype have been linked to mood and addiction disorders, and recent efforts suggest an association with the function of reward neurocircuitry. Animal studies are beginning to determine how altered circadian gene function results in drug-induced neuroplasticity and behaviors. Many studies suggest a critical role for circadian rhythms in reward-related pathways in the brain and indicate that drugs of abuse directly affect the central circadian pacemaker. In this review, we highlight key findings demonstrating the importance of circadian rhythms in addiction and how future studies will reveal important mechanistic insights into the involvement of circadian rhythms in drug addiction.
昼夜节律在许多生理和行为功能中都很显著。环境或分子扰动引起的昼夜节律紊乱会对健康产生深远影响，包括成瘾的发生和发展。动物和人类研究均表明，昼夜节律系统与滥用药物之间存在广泛的双向关系。成瘾个体表现出节律紊乱，而长期的节律紊乱或特定的昼夜节律类型可能会增加药物滥用和复发的风险。此外，昼夜节律基因的多态性和晚型昼夜节律与情绪和成瘾障碍有关，最近的研究表明其与奖赏神经回路的功能也存在关联。动物研究开始确定昼夜节律基因功能的改变如何导致药物诱导的神经可塑性和行为变化。许多研究表明，昼夜节律在大脑中与奖赏相关的通路中起着关键作用，并表明滥用药物会直接影响中枢昼夜节律起搏器。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了一些关键发现，这些发现证明了昼夜节律在成瘾中的重要性，以及未来的研究将如何揭示昼夜节律参与药物成瘾的重要机制。
