Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
Neuroimage Clin. 2021;29:102547. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102547. Epub 2020 Dec 30.
We recently reported increased mind wandering (MW) frequency in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) relative to controls during high demands on sustained attention, reflecting deficient context regulation of MW. Studies on community samples previously linked context regulation of MW with attenuation in brain sensory processes, reflecting perceptual decoupling, and attentional processes during MW compared to task focus. However, the association between deficient context regulation of MW and these neural processes has not been studied in ADHD. We addressed this question by comparing adults with ADHD (N = 23) and controls (N = 25) on event-related potentials of early sensory processes (P1) and attention allocation (P3) during tasks manipulating cognitive demands (high vs low) on working memory and sustained attention, and during periods of MW and task focus measured through experience-sampling. Compared to controls, adults with ADHD showed reduced P1 during high sustained attention demands, as well as reduced P3 during high working memory demands. These group differences were no longer significant after adding MW frequency as a covariate. Across tasks, adults with ADHD showed no differences from controls on the P1 during MW episodes, but attenuated P1 during task focus. P3 was reduced in adults with ADHD compared to controls during MW, but not during task focus during the sustained attention task. These findings converge to indicate that impairments in early sensory processing in individuals with ADHD seem parallel to increased MW frequency and might reflect inefficient adjustments from periods of MW to task focus.
我们最近报道称，与对照组相比，注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）患者在需要高度持续注意力的情况下，大脑的漫游（MW）频率更高，这反映了 MW 时情境调节能力的缺陷。先前的社区样本研究表明，MW 时情境调节与大脑感觉过程的衰减有关，反映了感知解耦，以及与任务专注相比，MW 时的注意力过程。然而，MW 时情境调节能力缺陷与这些神经过程之间的关联尚未在 ADHD 中进行研究。我们通过比较 ADHD 患者（N=23）和对照组（N=25）在执行任务时的事件相关电位来解决这个问题，这些任务通过工作记忆和持续注意力的认知需求（高与低）来操纵认知需求，并在 MW 和任务专注期间进行测量，通过经验采样。与对照组相比，ADHD 患者在高持续注意力需求时 P1 降低，在高工作记忆需求时 P3 降低。在加入 MW 频率作为协变量后，这些组间差异不再显著。在所有任务中，ADHD 患者在 MW 期间的 P1 与对照组没有差异，但在任务专注期间 P1 减弱。与对照组相比，ADHD 患者在 MW 期间的 P3 降低，但在持续注意力任务期间的任务专注期间 P3 没有降低。这些发现表明，ADHD 个体的早期感觉处理受损似乎与 MW 频率增加平行，可能反映了从 MW 到任务专注的调整效率低下。
