Codrea Cosmin Iulian, Croitoru Alexa-Maria, Baciu Cosmin Constantin, Melinescu Alina, Ficai Denisa, Fruth Victor, Ficai Anton
Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania.
Department of Oxide Compounds and Materials Science, Institute of Physical Chemistry "Ilie Murgulescu" of the Romanian Academy, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.
J Clin Med. 2021 Jan 12;10(2):253. doi: 10.3390/jcm10020253.
The increase in osteoporotic fracture worldwide is urging bone tissue engineering research to find new, improved solutions both for the biomaterials used in designing bone scaffolds and the anti-osteoporotic agents capable of promoting bone regeneration. This review aims to report on the latest advances in biomaterials by discussing the types of biomaterials and their properties, with a special emphasis on polymer-ceramic composites. The use of hydroxyapatite in combination with natural/synthetic polymers can take advantage of each of their components properties and has a great potential in bone tissue engineering, in general. A comparison between the benefits and potential limitations of different scaffold fabrication methods lead to a raised awareness of the challenges research face in dealing with osteoporotic fracture. Advances in 3D printing techniques are providing the ways to manufacture improved, complex, and specialized 3D scaffolds, capable of delivering therapeutic factors directly at the osteoporotic skeletal defect site with predefined rate which is essential in order to optimize the osteointegration/healing rate. Among these factors, strontium has the potential to increase osseointegration, osteogenesis, and healing rate. Strontium ranelate as well as other biological active agents are known to be effective in treating osteoporosis due to both anti-resorptive and anabolic properties but has adverse effects that can be reduced/avoided by local release from biomaterials. In this manner, incorporation of these agents in polymer-ceramic composites bone scaffolds can have significant clinical applications for the recovery of fractured osteoporotic bones limiting or removing the risks associated with systemic administration.
全球骨质疏松性骨折的增加促使骨组织工程研究寻找新的、改进的解决方案，以用于设计骨支架的生物材料以及能够促进骨再生的抗骨质疏松药物。本综述旨在通过讨论生物材料的类型及其特性，报告生物材料的最新进展，特别强调聚合物-陶瓷复合材料。一般来说，将羟基磷灰石与天然/合成聚合物结合使用可以利用它们各自的成分特性，在骨组织工程中具有巨大潜力。对不同支架制造方法的优点和潜在局限性进行比较，使人们更加意识到研究在处理骨质疏松性骨折时面临的挑战。3D打印技术的进步为制造改进的、复杂的和专门的3D支架提供了方法，这些支架能够以预定速率将治疗因子直接输送到骨质疏松性骨缺损部位，这对于优化骨整合/愈合速率至关重要。在这些因素中，锶有可能增加骨整合、骨生成和愈合速率。雷奈酸锶以及其他生物活性剂由于具有抗吸收和合成代谢特性，已知对治疗骨质疏松有效，但存在副作用，可通过从生物材料中局部释放来减少/避免。通过这种方式，将这些药物掺入聚合物-陶瓷复合骨支架中，对于恢复骨折的骨质疏松性骨具有重要的临床应用价值，可限制或消除与全身给药相关的风险。
