Raper Jessica, Chahroudi Ann
Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Trop Med Infect Dis. 2021 Jan 12;6(1):10. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed6010010.
Although the Zika virus (ZIKV) typically causes mild or no symptoms in adults, during the 2015-2016 outbreak, ZIKV infection in pregnancy resulted in a spectrum of diseases in infants, including birth defects and neurodevelopmental disorders identified in childhood. While intense clinical and basic science research has focused on the neurodevelopmental outcomes of prenatal ZIKV infection, less is known about the consequences of infection during early life. Considering the neurotropism of ZIKV and the rapidly-developing postnatal brain, it is important to understand how infection during infancy may disrupt neurodevelopment. This paper reviews the current knowledge regarding early postnatal ZIKV infection. Emerging clinical evidence supports the hypothesis that ZIKV infection during infancy can result in negative neurologic consequences. However, clinical data regarding postnatal ZIKV infection in children are limited; as such, animal models play an important role in understanding the potential complications of ZIKV infection related to the vulnerable developing brain. Preclinical data provide insight into the potential behavioral, cognitive, and motor domains that clinical studies should examine in pediatric populations exposed to ZIKV during infancy.
虽然寨卡病毒（ZIKV）通常在成人中引起轻微症状或无症状，但在2015 - 2016年疫情期间，孕期感染ZIKV会导致婴儿出现一系列疾病，包括儿童期发现的出生缺陷和神经发育障碍。尽管大量临床和基础科学研究聚焦于产前ZIKV感染的神经发育结局，但对于生命早期感染的后果了解较少。鉴于ZIKV的嗜神经性以及出生后迅速发育的大脑，了解婴儿期感染如何干扰神经发育很重要。本文综述了关于出生后早期ZIKV感染的现有知识。新出现的临床证据支持婴儿期感染ZIKV会导致负面神经后果这一假说。然而，关于儿童出生后ZIKV感染的临床数据有限；因此，动物模型在理解与发育中的脆弱大脑相关的ZIKV感染潜在并发症方面发挥着重要作用。临床前数据为临床研究应在婴儿期接触ZIKV的儿科人群中检查的潜在行为、认知和运动领域提供了见解。
