慢性阻塞性肺疾病日常生活活动表现的新见解。
New Insights into Activities of Daily Living Performance in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
机构信息
Department of Occupational Therapy, University College of Northern Denmark, Aalborg, Denmark.
Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Occupational Therapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
出版信息
Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2021 Jan 7;16:1-12. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S264365. eCollection 2021.
PURPOSE
There have been calls for more knowledge of activities of daily living (ADL) performance in order to address interventions in pulmonary rehabilitation effectively. Everyday technology (ET) has become an integrated dimension of ADL, impacting the ways in which ADL is performed. To improve everyday functioning and quality of life, the use of ADL and ET use needs to be evaluated and addressed effectively in interventions. Therefore, the aim of this study was twofold: 1) to explore the quality of ADL performance, and 2) to investigate the relationship between observation and self-reported ADL performance and ability to use everyday technologies in people living with COPD.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study involved 84 participants aged 46-87 years. Participants were recruited through healthcare centres in the Northern Region of Denmark using a convenience sampling procedure. Data were collected using standardized assessments that investigated different ADL perspectives: self-reported ADL tasks and ET use, observed motor and process ability, and need for assistance. Data were analysed and presented using descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficient.
RESULTS
The most affected ADL tasks were mobility within or outside the home, lower dressing, bathing, pedicuring, cooking, shopping, cleaning and washing clothes. New insights into the quality of ADL performance in people living with COPD were presented in terms of detailed ADL motor skills and ADL process skills, as well as the predicted need for support to function in the community. Moreover, new insights into the relationship between observation and self-reported ADL performance (r=0.546, p<0.01; r=0.297, p<0.01) and between ADL performance and self-perceived ability to use ET (r=0.524, p<0.01; r=0.273, p<0.05; r=0.044, p=0.692) were presented.
CONCLUSION
Overall, the knowledge from the present study is valuable for focusing interventions that address challenging ADL performance and ET use through relevant and realistic activities. The ability to use ET is important to evaluate and target pulmonary rehabilitation.
目的
为了有效地进行肺康复干预，人们呼吁更多地了解日常生活活动（ADL）表现。日常技术（ET）已成为 ADL 的一个综合维度，影响着 ADL 的执行方式。为了提高日常生活功能和生活质量，需要在干预中有效地评估和解决 ADL 和 ET 使用问题。因此，本研究旨在：1）探讨 ADL 表现质量，2）研究观察和自我报告的 ADL 表现与 COPD 患者使用日常技术能力之间的关系。
方法
本横断面研究纳入了 84 名年龄在 46-87 岁的参与者。通过丹麦北部地区的医疗中心，采用便利抽样法招募参与者。使用标准化评估工具收集数据，从不同的 ADL 角度进行评估：自我报告的 ADL 任务和 ET 使用、观察到的运动和过程能力以及对辅助的需求。使用描述性统计和 Pearson 相关系数分析数据并呈现结果。
结果
受影响最严重的 ADL 任务包括室内外移动、穿衣、洗澡、修甲、烹饪、购物、清洁和洗衣服。本研究还提供了 COPD 患者 ADL 表现质量的新见解，包括详细的 ADL 运动技能和 ADL 过程技能，以及在社区中发挥功能所需的支持预测。此外，观察与自我报告的 ADL 表现之间的关系（r=0.546，p<0.01；r=0.297，p<0.01）以及 ADL 表现与自我感知使用 ET 能力之间的关系（r=0.524，p<0.01；r=0.273，p<0.05；r=0.044，p=0.692）也得到了新的认识。
结论
总之，本研究的结果对于关注通过相关和现实活动解决具有挑战性的 ADL 表现和 ET 使用的干预措施具有重要价值。使用 ET 的能力对于评估和针对肺康复非常重要。
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