Martino Milvia, Fodor Daniela, Fresilli Daniele, Guiban Olga, Rubini Antonello, Cassoni Andrea, Ralli Massimo, De Vincentiis Chiara, Arduini Federico, Celletti Ilaria, Pacini Patrizia, Polti Giorgia, Polito Eleonora, Greco Antonio, Valentini Valentino, Sorrenti Salvatore, D'Andrea Vito, Masciocchi Carlo, Barile Antonio, Cantisani Vito
Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
2nd Internal Medicine Department, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Gland Surg. 2020 Dec;9(6):2295-2311. doi: 10.21037/gs-20-530.
Disorders affecting parotid gland represent a heterogeneous group comprising congenital, inflammatory and neoplastic diseases which show a focal or diffuse pattern of appearance. The differentiation of neoplastic from non-neoplastic conditions of parotid glands is pivotal for the diagnostic imaging. Frequently there is evidence of overlapping between the clinical and the imaging appearance of the various pathologies. The parotid gland is also often object of study with the combination of different techniques [ultrasound-computed tomography-magnetic resonance imaging (US-CT-MRI), ex.]. Compared to other dominant methods of medical imaging, US has several advantages providing images in real-time at lower cost, and without harmful use of ionizing radiation and of contrast enhancement. B-mode US, and the microvascular pattern color Doppler are usually used as first step evaluation of parotid lesions. Elastography and contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) has opened further possible perspectives to improve the differentiation between benign and malignant parotid lesions. The characterization of the parotid tumors plays a crucial role for their treatment planning and for the prediction of possible surgical complications. We present, here an updated review of the most recurrent pathologies of parotid gland focusing on the diagnostic power of multiparametric US including CEUS and ultrasound elastography (USE); limitations, advantages and the main key-points will be presented.
影响腮腺的疾病是一组异质性疾病，包括先天性、炎症性和肿瘤性疾病，这些疾病表现为局灶性或弥漫性外观。腮腺肿瘤性病变与非肿瘤性病变的鉴别对诊断性影像学检查至关重要。各种病理情况的临床和影像学表现常常存在重叠。腮腺也经常是不同技术（如超声-计算机断层扫描-磁共振成像（US-CT-MRI））联合研究的对象。与其他主要的医学成像方法相比，超声具有几个优点，即能以较低成本实时提供图像，且无需有害地使用电离辐射和造影剂增强。B 型超声和彩色多普勒微血管模式通常用作腮腺病变的第一步评估。弹性成像和超声造影（CEUS）为改善腮腺良恶性病变的鉴别开辟了更多可能的途径。腮腺肿瘤的特征对其治疗方案的制定以及预测可能的手术并发症起着关键作用。在此，我们对腮腺最常见的病变进行了最新综述，重点关注包括 CEUS 和超声弹性成像（USE）在内的多参数超声的诊断能力；将介绍其局限性、优点和主要要点。
