Dominiak Monika, Antosik-Wojcinska Anna Z, Baron Marta, Mierzejewski Pawel, Swiecicki Lukasz
Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology in Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
Ginekol Pol. 2021;92(2):153-164. doi: 10.5603/GP.a2020.0141. Epub 2021 Jan 15.
Epidemiological data clearly indicate that depression is becoming an increasingly important health and social problem today. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), depression currently affects 350 million people worldwide and is considered the second most common cause of disability in Europe after ischemic heart disease. It is estimated that this health problem may affect as many as five million people in Poland. The gap between the reported number of patients treated and the prevalence of depression, highlights the scale of unmet needs. With the limited availability of specialists in psychiatric care, the most appropriate measures seem to be those aimed at increasing the competence of doctors of other specialties in the diagnosis and treatment of depression. Early detection and treatment results in faster remission, reduces relapses and mortality. The recommendations concerning prevention of depression were commissioned by the Polish Ministry of Health as a part of the Depression Prevention Program for 2016-2020. The Program has developed recommendations addressed to specialists in various fields of medicine, other than psychiatry, focusing on three risk groups: children and adolescents, women in the perinatal period and the elderly. These recommendations focus on the management of suspected postpartum depression and provide specific guidelines for medical staff having contact with pregnant and postpartum women (gynecologists, midwives, pediatricians).
流行病学数据清楚地表明，抑郁症如今正成为一个日益重要的健康和社会问题。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的数据，目前抑郁症在全球影响着3.5亿人，在欧洲被认为是仅次于缺血性心脏病的第二大常见致残原因。据估计，这一健康问题在波兰可能影响多达500万人。已治疗患者报告数量与抑郁症患病率之间的差距，凸显了未满足需求的规模。由于精神科护理专家数量有限，最适当的措施似乎是旨在提高其他专科医生诊断和治疗抑郁症能力的那些措施。早期发现和治疗可实现更快缓解，减少复发和死亡率。关于抑郁症预防的建议由波兰卫生部委托制定，作为2016 - 2020年抑郁症预防计划的一部分。该计划针对除精神科以外的各个医学领域的专家制定了建议，重点关注三个风险群体：儿童和青少年、围产期妇女以及老年人。这些建议侧重于疑似产后抑郁症的管理，并为与孕妇和产后妇女接触的医务人员（妇科医生、助产士、儿科医生）提供了具体指导方针。
