Hu Saisai, Zhang Tingkang, Wang Yongchun, Song Fangxing, Zhao Jingjing, Wang Yonghui
School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Behavior & Cognitive Neuroscience, Xi'an, China.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2021 Jul;74(7):1244-1256. doi: 10.1177/1747021821991767. Epub 2021 Feb 8.
Human beings can show preferentially attentional bias to different facial expressions. However, it is unclear whether the modulation of selective attention by facial expressions is based on the face itself (object-based attention) or its location (space-based attention). This study aimed to test this problem by using faces with different emotional valences in the two-rectangle paradigm across three experiments. We found that there was no significant difference in space-based effect among the positive, neutral, and negative conditions. However, the object-based effect was larger for the negative condition than for the neutral and positive ones, because of its slower reaction times for the invalid different-object trials. The results indicated that the object-based attentional selection was modulated by facial expressions, and that faces expressing negative emotions hamper the disengagement of attention from the whole object (i.e., the face), instead of the certain location. Our study can further add support to the attentional prioritisation hypothesis over attentional spreading hypothesis.
人类能够对不同的面部表情表现出优先的注意偏向。然而，面部表情对选择性注意的调节是基于面部本身（基于客体的注意）还是其位置（基于空间的注意）尚不清楚。本研究旨在通过在两个矩形范式中使用具有不同情绪效价的面孔进行三个实验来检验这个问题。我们发现，在积极、中性和消极条件下，基于空间的效应没有显著差异。然而，消极条件下基于客体的效应比中性和积极条件下更大，这是因为在无效的不同客体试验中其反应时间较慢。结果表明，基于客体的注意选择受到面部表情的调节，并且表达消极情绪的面孔会阻碍注意力从整个客体（即面部）而不是特定位置脱离。我们的研究可以进一步为注意优先级假说而非注意扩散假说提供支持。
