Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, USA.
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, USA.
Environ Sci Process Impacts. 2021 Mar 4;23(2):302-310. doi: 10.1039/d0em00395f.
Drivers and passengers are exposed to high concentrations of air pollutants while driving. While there are many studies to assess exposure to air pollutants penetrating into a vehicle cabin, little is known about how individual gas pollutants are behaving (e.g. accumulating, depositing, reacting etc.) in the cabin. This study investigated the characteristic behavior of CO, NO, NO2 and O3 in a vehicle cabin in the presence of a driver with static, pseudo dynamic and dynamic tests. We found in our experiments that CO and NO concentrations increased while O3 and NO2 concentrations decreased rapidly when cabin air was recirculated. A kinetic model, which contains 20 chemical reactions, could predict the static test results well. CO and NO accumulations in the cabin were due to exhalation from the driver and conversion of NO2 to NO upon deposition to surfaces may also play a role. Pseudo dynamic and dynamic test results showed similar results. During the fresh air mode CO, NO, and NO2 followed similar trends between the inside and outside of the cabin, while in cabin O3 concentrations were lower compared to outside concentrations due to reactions with the human and surface deposition. The Cabin Air Quality Index approached 0.8 and 0.4 for O3 during pseudo dynamic and dynamic tests, respectively. Accumulation of NO in the cabin was not obvious during the dynamic test due to a large variation of outside NO concentrations. We encourage auto manufacturers to develop control algorithms and devices to reduce a passenger's exposure to gaseous pollutants in vehicle cabins.
在驾驶时，驾驶员和乘客会暴露在高浓度的空气污染物中。虽然有许多研究评估空气污染物穿透车辆车厢的暴露情况，但对于车内个体气体污染物的行为（例如，积累、沉积、反应等）知之甚少。本研究通过静态、伪动态和动态测试，调查了 CO、NO、NO2 和 O3 在车辆车厢内的特征行为。我们在实验中发现，当车厢内空气再循环时，CO 和 NO 浓度会升高，而 O3 和 NO2 浓度会迅速下降。包含 20 个化学反应的动力学模型可以很好地预测静态测试结果。车厢内 CO 和 NO 的积累是由于驾驶员呼气引起的，NO2 沉积到表面后转化为 NO 也可能起作用。伪动态和动态测试结果显示出相似的结果。在新鲜空气模式下，CO、NO 和 NO2 在车厢内外的趋势相似，而由于与人体反应和表面沉积，车厢内的 O3 浓度比外部浓度低。在伪动态和动态测试中，车内空气质量指数（Cabin Air Quality Index）分别达到 0.8 和 0.4 左右，而在动态测试中，由于外部 NO 浓度变化较大，NO 在车厢内的积累并不明显。我们鼓励汽车制造商开发控制算法和设备，以减少乘客在车辆车厢内暴露于气态污染物。
