Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany.
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2021 Feb 2;113(2):268-273. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa344.
Overeating is a complex behavioral phenotype in terms of both physiology and psychology. The mere transference of the diagnostic criteria for substance use disorders to define food addiction is too simplistic, for the following reasons: 1) a range of somatic and mental disorders require exclusion; 2) food addiction requires distinction from the physiological need to ingest sufficient calories to maintain a high body weight; 3) intentional weight loss can induce an eating behavior mimicking food addiction; 4) the concept lacks validation, especially in light of the high prevalence of "food addiction" in patients with anorexia nervosa; and 5) this construct has not led to novel and successful treatments for overeating and obesity. The concept of food addiction has the potential to distract from the need for focus on environmental influencers to combat the obesity pandemic.
进食过量在生理和心理方面都是一种复杂的行为表现。仅仅将物质使用障碍的诊断标准转移来定义食物成瘾过于简单化，原因如下：1）需要排除一系列躯体和精神障碍；2）食物成瘾需要与摄入足够卡路里以维持高体重的生理需求区分开来；3）故意减重会引起类似于食物成瘾的进食行为；4）该概念缺乏验证，尤其是在神经性厌食症患者中“食物成瘾”的高患病率的情况下；5）该结构并未导致治疗暴食和肥胖的新方法和成功方法。食物成瘾的概念有可能分散人们对环境影响因素的关注，而这些因素对于对抗肥胖大流行至关重要。
