CUBRIC, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
School of Psychology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QG, UK.
Nutrients. 2019 Sep 4;11(9):2086. doi: 10.3390/nu11092086.
With the obesity epidemic being largely attributed to overeating, much research has been aimed at understanding the psychological causes of overeating and using this knowledge to develop targeted interventions. Here, we review this literature under a model of food addiction and present evidence according to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) criteria for substance use disorders. We review several innovative treatments related to a food addiction model ranging from cognitive intervention tasks to neuromodulation techniques. We conclude that there is evidence to suggest that, for some individuals, food can induce addictive-type behaviours similar to those seen with other addictive substances. However, with several DSM-5 criteria having limited application to overeating, the term 'food addiction' is likely to apply only in a minority of cases. Nevertheless, research investigating the underlying psychological causes of overeating within the context of food addiction has led to some novel and potentially effective interventions. Understanding the similarities and differences between the addictive characteristics of food and illicit substances should prove fruitful in further developing these interventions.
随着肥胖症的流行在很大程度上归因于暴饮暴食，许多研究旨在了解暴饮暴食的心理原因，并利用这些知识开发有针对性的干预措施。在这里，我们根据物质使用障碍的第五版诊断和统计手册 (DSM-5) 标准，在食物成瘾模型下回顾了这方面的文献。我们回顾了几种与食物成瘾模型相关的创新治疗方法，包括认知干预任务到神经调节技术。我们的结论是，有证据表明，对于某些人来说，食物可以引起类似于其他成瘾物质的成瘾行为。然而，由于 DSM-5 的几个标准对暴饮暴食的应用有限，“食物成瘾”一词可能仅适用于少数情况。尽管如此，在食物成瘾的背景下研究暴饮暴食的潜在心理原因的研究已经产生了一些新颖且潜在有效的干预措施。了解食物和非法物质成瘾特征的异同，应该有助于进一步开发这些干预措施。
