Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey.
Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2021 Apr 19;32(4):648-654. doi: 10.1093/icvts/ivaa325.
Continuous electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring is a useful method in surgical procedures in which brain circulation is at risk. Providing this function using neurofeedback devices reduced to small dimensions may provide ease of use in the early diagnosis of brain ischaemia. The goal of this study was to demonstrate the efficiency of using a neurofeedback device in determining the early EEG indicators of ischaemia in a rabbit model of acute brain ischaemia.
Three randomized groups-carotid ischaemia (CI), global ischaemia (GI) and a sham group-each comprising 8 rabbits, were created. In the CI group, the bilateral main carotid artery was clamped; in the GI group, the bilateral subclavian and main carotid arteries were clamped and brain ischaemia was created for 15 min. Brain reperfusion was then achieved for 30 min. In the sham group, the same surgical preparation was performed but no ischaemia occurred. The brain EEG wave activities of all subjects were recorded during the experiment. At the end of the procedure, all brain tissue was removed and apoptotic indexes were determined by histopathological examination. The statistical significance of the histopathological results and the EEG wave activities among the groups was examined.
There was a significant difference between the sham, CI and GI average amplitude ratios, delta (1.02, 0.69, 0.16; P < 0.001) and total wave (0.99, 0.78, 0.49; P < 0.001), respectively. There was no significant difference between the sham and CI groups in delta (sham, CI, 1.01, 0.87; P = 0.1), total wave (sham, CI, 1.22, 0.98; P = 0.2) and amplitude standard deviation rates. However, there was a significant difference in the GI group (P < 0.001). There was a significant difference between all groups in apoptotic index (sham, 17.88; CI, 40.75; GI, 55.88; P < 0.001).
Significant EEG wave changes resulting from experimental brain ischaemia were analysed with the use of a neurofeedback device. The results indicated that the change in the delta and the total wave standard deviations may be an additional indicator in the formation of permanent brain damage.
连续脑电图（EEG）监测是一种在脑循环有风险的手术过程中有用的方法。使用缩小尺寸的神经反馈设备提供这种功能可能会在早期诊断脑缺血方面提供便利。本研究的目的是证明在兔急性脑缺血模型中使用神经反馈设备确定早期 EEG 缺血指标的效率。
创建了三组随机分组-颈内动脉缺血（CI）、全脑缺血（GI）和假手术组，每组 8 只兔子。在 CI 组中，双侧颈总动脉被夹闭；在 GI 组中，双侧锁骨下动脉和颈总动脉被夹闭，并缺血 15 分钟。然后进行脑再灌注 30 分钟。在假手术组中，进行相同的手术准备，但不发生缺血。在实验过程中记录所有动物的脑 EEG 波活动。在手术结束时，通过组织病理学检查确定所有脑组织的凋亡指数。检查各组之间组织病理学结果和 EEG 波活动的统计学意义。
假手术组、CI 组和 GI 组的平均振幅比、delta（1.02、0.69、0.16；P<0.001）和总波（0.99、0.78、0.49；P<0.001）差异有统计学意义。假手术组和 CI 组 delta（假手术组、CI 组，1.01、0.87；P=0.1）和总波（假手术组、CI 组，1.22、0.98；P=0.2）和振幅标准差率无显著差异。然而，GI 组差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。各组凋亡指数差异有统计学意义（假手术组，17.88；CI 组，40.75；GI 组，55.88；P<0.001）。
使用神经反馈设备分析了实验性脑缺血引起的显著 EEG 波变化。结果表明，delta 和总波标准差的变化可能是形成永久性脑损伤的附加指标。
