Garrett W E, Nikolaou P K, Ribbeck B M, Glisson R R, Seaber A V
Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710.
Am J Sports Med. 1988 Jan-Feb;16(1):7-12. doi: 10.1177/036354658801600102.
This study investigates the biomechanical failure properties of five architecturally different skeletal muscles and examines the role muscle structure plays in the passive extension characteristics of musculotendinous units. The muscles used in this study fall into four morphologic categories: fusiform, unipennate, bipennate, and multipennate. Each muscle was pulled to failure at three different rates of strain (1, 10, and 100 cm/min). Specimens of fusiform, unipennate, and bipennate muscles were pulled from their proximal as well as distal attachments. The relationship of elongation to failure of the entire musculotendinous unit to resting muscle fiber length was examined to determine the effect of angle of pennation and fiber length on the failure properties. Our results demonstrate that all four muscle types tested show injury and rupture at the musculotendinous junction whether pulled from proximal or distal attachment, regardless of muscle structure and rate of strain. There was a statistically significant difference (P less than 0.005) in the degree of elongation to failure relative to resting muscle fiber length, with a tendency to greater elongation relative to fiber length for muscles with more pennate structure (tibialis anterior, 72.7% +/- 1.0%; extensor digitorum longus, 113.1% +/- 3.5%; rectus femoris, 225.5% +/- 3.7% elongation in percent resting fiber length).
本研究调查了五种结构不同的骨骼肌的生物力学破坏特性，并研究了肌肉结构在肌腱单位被动伸展特性中所起的作用。本研究中使用的肌肉分为四种形态学类别：梭形、单羽状、双羽状和多羽状。每种肌肉以三种不同的应变率（1、10和100厘米/分钟）拉伸至破坏。梭形、单羽状和双羽状肌肉的标本从其近端和远端附着点处进行拉伸。研究了整个肌腱单位的伸长与破坏和静息肌纤维长度之间的关系，以确定羽状角和纤维长度对破坏特性的影响。我们的结果表明，所有测试的四种肌肉类型，无论从近端还是远端附着点拉伸，无论肌肉结构和应变率如何，均在肌腱连接处出现损伤和断裂。相对于静息肌纤维长度，破坏时的伸长程度存在统计学显著差异（P小于0.005），羽状结构更多的肌肉相对于纤维长度有更大的伸长趋势（胫骨前肌，相对于静息纤维长度伸长72.7%±1.0%；趾长伸肌，113.1%±3.5%；股直肌，225.5%±3.7%）。
