Edwards Caitlyn G, Walk Anne M, Thompson Sharon V, Reeser Ginger E, Dilger Ryan N, Erdman John W, Burd Nicholas A, Holscher Hannah D, Khan Naiman A
Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
Department of Psychology, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL, USA.
Nutr Neurosci. 2022 Jul;25(7):1437-1452. doi: 10.1080/1028415X.2020.1866867. Epub 2021 Jan 15.
The xanthophyll carotenoids lutein+zeaxanthin and the dietary component choline have been linked to benefits in cognition. However, knowledge on the interactive influence of these dietary components on cognitive function is sparse.
80 middle-aged adults with overweight and obesity (Body Mass Index: (BMI) ≥25.0 kg/m²), completed 7-day diet records, venous blood draws, heterochromatic flicker photometry, assessment of intelligence quotient (IQ), and a cognitive flexibility task while undergoing electroencephalographic recording for event-related potential (ERP) extraction. Multiplicative interaction terms and hierarchical linear regressions, controlling for age, BMI, sex, annual household income, and IQ were utilized to assess independent and interactive contributions of dietary and biomarker data on Switch task outcomes.
Higher intake of lutein+zeaxanthin and choline was associated interactively, but not independently, with faster reaction time (RT), after controlling for pertinent covariates. Dietary intake of lutein+zeaxanthin and choline was associated with serum lutein concentrations, but not with plasma choline metabolites nor macular pigmentation. Plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC) concentrations were associated with higher accuracy in Switch trials, while no other biomarkers were associated with cognitive outcomes. Dietary intake and biomarker data were not related to the N2 nor P3 ERP component.
Among a sample of adults with overweight and obesity, greater intake of choline and lutein+zeaxanthin was associated with faster performance on a cognitive flexibility task. Future work examining methods of increasing consumption of both of these dietary components as a possible means of improving or maintaining cognitive flexibility among adults with overweight and obesity is therefore warranted.
叶黄素类胡萝卜素叶黄素 + 玉米黄质以及膳食成分胆碱已被证明与认知功能的改善有关。然而，关于这些膳食成分对认知功能的交互影响的研究却很少。
80名超重和肥胖的中年成年人（体重指数：(BMI)≥25.0 kg/m²），完成了7天的饮食记录、静脉血采集、异色闪烁光度测定、智商 (IQ) 评估以及一项认知灵活性任务，同时进行脑电图记录以提取事件相关电位 (ERP)。使用乘法交互项和分层线性回归，控制年龄、BMI、性别、家庭年收入和智商，以评估饮食和生物标志物数据对切换任务结果的独立和交互贡献。
在控制相关协变量后，叶黄素 + 玉米黄质和胆碱的摄入量较高与反应时间 (RT) 加快存在交互作用，但并非独立相关。叶黄素 + 玉米黄质和胆碱的膳食摄入量与血清叶黄素浓度相关，但与血浆胆碱代谢物和黄斑色素沉着无关。血浆磷脂酰胆碱 (PC) 浓度与切换试验中的更高准确性相关，而没有其他生物标志物与认知结果相关。饮食摄入量和生物标志物数据与N2或P3 ERP成分无关。
在超重和肥胖成年人样本中，胆碱和叶黄素 + 玉米黄质的摄入量增加与认知灵活性任务中的更快表现相关。因此，有必要开展进一步研究，探讨增加这两种膳食成分摄入量的方法，以此作为改善或维持超重和肥胖成年人认知灵活性的一种可能手段。
