Vision Science Research Group (CIVIUS), Department of Physics of Condensed Matter - Optics Area, Av. de la Reina Mercedes, S/N, 41012 Sevilla, University of Seville, Spain.
Vision Science Research Group (CIVIUS), Department of Physics of Condensed Matter - Optics Area, Av. de la Reina Mercedes, S/N, 41012 Sevilla, University of Seville, Spain.
Physiol Behav. 2022 Oct 1;254:113891. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113891. Epub 2022 Jun 23.
Lutein and zeaxanthin-xanthophyll carotenoids with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics-are present in the retina and the brain. High concentrations of these carotenoids have been positively related to cognitive performance. Therefore, this systematic review analyses the relationship between macular pigment density and cognitive functions. Most relevant databases were scoured for studies on healthy people relating cognitive functions to macular pigment optical density (MPOD). There were no age, sex, or race limitations. PROSPERO registration: CRD42021254833. Nineteen studies were included, seven randomized controlled trials (RCT) and eleven observational studies. The general aim of the studies was to examine the association between carotenoids (lutein, meso‑zeaxanthin and zeaxanthin) and cognitive function. Most observational studies correlates MPOD levels with cognitive function or brain activity. Besides, RCTs compared the cognitive function and/or brain activity after increasing lutein and zeaxanthin intake though dietary supplementation or avocado consumption. Dietary lutein and zeaxanthin intake increased MPOD in six of the seven clinical trials and significantly improved most of the cognitive functions studied. A wide variety of test and methodologies for measuring cognitive functions were observed. Memory, processing speed, attention and reasoning were the cognitive function significantly related to MPOD levels in adults. Brain activity also was related to MPOD, but the results were inconsistent. Only four of the eleven observational studies were based on young people and all studies showed a significant relationship between MPOD and cognitive functions. This systematic review showed a direct relationship among cognitive functions, macular pigment and the intake of lutein and zeaxanthin.
叶黄素和玉米黄质-类胡萝卜素具有抗氧化和抗炎特性-存在于视网膜和大脑中。这些类胡萝卜素的高浓度与认知表现呈正相关。因此，本系统评价分析了黄斑色素密度与认知功能之间的关系。对大多数相关数据库进行了搜索，以寻找与健康人认知功能与黄斑色素光密度（MPOD）相关的研究。没有年龄、性别或种族限制。PROSPERO 注册号：CRD42021254833。共纳入 19 项研究，其中 7 项为随机对照试验（RCT），11 项为观察性研究。这些研究的总体目的是检查类胡萝卜素（叶黄素、玉米黄质和玉米黄质）与认知功能之间的关系。大多数观察性研究将 MPOD 水平与认知功能或大脑活动相关联。此外，RCT 比较了通过饮食补充或食用鳄梨增加叶黄素和玉米黄质摄入后认知功能和/或大脑活动的变化。在这 7 项临床试验中的 6 项中，饮食中补充叶黄素和玉米黄质增加了 MPOD，并显著改善了所研究的大多数认知功能。观察到的用于测量认知功能的测试和方法多种多样。在成年人中，记忆、处理速度、注意力和推理是与 MPOD 水平显著相关的认知功能。大脑活动也与 MPOD 相关，但结果不一致。在 11 项观察性研究中，只有 4 项是基于年轻人的，所有研究都表明 MPOD 与认知功能之间存在显著关系。本系统评价显示，认知功能、黄斑色素和叶黄素与玉米黄质的摄入之间存在直接关系。
