Universidade de Brasilia, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, ICC, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
USDA - Agricultural Genetic Resources Preservation Research, 1111 South Mason Street, NCGRP, Fort Collins, CO, 805214500, USA.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2021 Jan 15;53(1):126. doi: 10.1007/s11250-021-02573-x.
There are few animal germplasm/gene bank collections in Brazil, and basic studies are needed to attend the future internal and external demands from international partners. The aim of this work was to validate a "proof of concept" that integrates spatial (georeferenced data) and genetic data regarding the local of origin from 3518 DNA samples from 17 different genetic groups or breeds of sheep in the Brazilian Germplasm bank. Spatialisation shows that not all genetic groups have samples in the bank, and collection is concentrated in the conservation nuclei spread nationwide. Only 21% of states with a specific breed have samples in the gene bank. The mean number of animals sampled per collection was 32, while the mean distance travelled to collect samples was 262 km from the conservation nuclei. For example, the Brazilian Somali were only collected in the conservation nucleus in Ceará State. No samples were collected to date for the Cariri breed, which is recognised by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture. Only two farms and one breed in the bank are from the northern region. Of the 27 states, there are samples in the gene bank of sheep from 13, so several states have no samples, requiring collection from herds outside the official system of conservation to make sure that studies using this germplasm realised are not biased. Significant genetic differences are seen above 332 km, which should guide future sampling efforts. Suggestions are given for improving the quantity, quality and diversity of samples in the gene bank.
巴西的动物种质/基因库收藏很少，需要进行基础研究，以满足国际合作伙伴未来的内部和外部需求。这项工作的目的是验证一个“概念验证”，该验证将关于 17 个不同遗传群体或绵羊品种的 3518 个 DNA 样本的起源地的空间（地理参考数据）和遗传数据整合在一起。空间化表明，并非所有遗传群体的样本都在银行中，收集集中在全国范围内分布的保护核心。只有 21%的具有特定品种的州在基因库中有样本。每个收藏的平均采样动物数量为 32 只，而从保护核心到收集样本的平均距离为 262 公里。例如，巴西索马里羊仅在塞阿拉州的保护核心中收集。到目前为止，巴西卡里里品种尚未在基因库中收集，该品种得到了巴西农业部的认可。银行中只有两个农场和一个品种来自北部地区。在 27 个州中，有 13 个州的基因库中有绵羊样本，因此有几个州没有样本，需要从官方保护系统之外的畜群中收集样本，以确保使用这种种质进行的研究不受影响。在 332 公里以上的地方可以看到明显的遗传差异，这应该指导未来的采样工作。为了提高基因库中样本的数量、质量和多样性，提出了一些建议。
