A Randomized Double-Masked Phase 2a Trial to Evaluate Activity and Safety of Topical Ocular Reproxalap, a Novel RASP Inhibitor, in Dry Eye Disease.

To determine whether reproxalap, a novel reactive aldehyde species (RASP) inhibitor, is safe and effective for the treatment of the signs and symptoms of dry eye disease (DED). In a randomized double-masked parallel-group Phase 2a trial of 3 topical ocular reproxalap formulations (0.1% ophthalmic solution, 0.5% ophthalmic solution, and 0.5% lipid ophthalmic solution), 51 patients with DED were randomly assigned 1:1:1 at a single US site. Eyes were treated bilaterally 4 times daily for 28 days, and standard DED signs and symptoms were assessed at baseline and after 7 and 28 days of dosing. Tear RASP levels were assessed at baseline and at day 28. The effect of treatment on DED signs and symptoms was similar across the treatment arms, and pooled data from the 28-day treatment period demonstrated significant improvement from baseline in Symptom Assessment in Dry Eye Disease score ( = 0.003), Ocular Discomfort Scale score ( < 0.0001), Ocular Discomfort Score and 4-Symptom Questionnaire overall score ( = 0.0004), Schirmer's test ( = 0.008), tear osmolarity ( = 0.003), and lissamine green total staining score ( = 0.002). Improvements in DED symptoms were evident within 1 week of therapy, and effect sizes generally approached or exceeded 0.5. No significant changes in safety measures were observed. The results suggest that the novel RASP inhibitor reproxalap has the potential to mitigate the signs and symptoms of DED, and may represent a new, rapidly and broadly active treatment approach for DED (NCT03162783).