Trotta Ronald J, Swanson Kendall C
Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Jan 13;11(1):171. doi: 10.3390/ani11010171.
In ruminant livestock species, nutrition can play an important role in the long-term programming of gastrointestinal function. Pancreatic and small intestinal digestive enzymes are important for postruminal digestion of carbohydrates and protein. Carbohydrases have been shown to respond to changes in the level of feed intake and the dietary inclusion of specific nutrients, including arginine, butyrate, folic acid, fructose, and leucine. Understanding how diet influences enzyme development and activity during prenatal and postnatal life could lead to the development of dietary strategies to optimize offspring growth and development to increase digestive efficiency of ruminant livestock species. More research is needed to understand how changes in fetal or neonatal carbohydrase activities in response to nutrition influence long-term growth performance and efficiency in ruminant livestock species to optimize nutritional strategies.
在反刍家畜物种中，营养在胃肠道功能的长期编程中可发挥重要作用。胰腺和小肠消化酶对碳水化合物和蛋白质的瘤胃后消化很重要。已表明碳水化合物酶会对采食量水平和特定营养素（包括精氨酸、丁酸盐、叶酸、果糖和亮氨酸）的日粮添加量变化做出反应。了解日粮如何在产前和产后影响酶的发育和活性，可能会促成制定日粮策略，以优化后代生长发育，提高反刍家畜物种的消化效率。需要开展更多研究，以了解胎儿或新生儿碳水化合物酶活性因营养而发生的变化如何影响反刍家畜物种的长期生长性能和效率，从而优化营养策略。
