Baniata Mohammad, Reda Haftu Tasew, Chilamkurti Naveen, Abuadbba Alsharif
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Korea.
Department of Computer Science and IT, La Trobe University, Plenty Rd., Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia.
Sensors (Basel). 2021 Jan 13;21(2):537. doi: 10.3390/s21020537.
One of the major concerns in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is most of the sensor nodes are powered through limited lifetime of energy-constrained batteries, which majorly affects the performance, quality, and lifetime of the network. Therefore, diverse clustering methods are proposed to improve energy efficiency of the WSNs. In the meantime, fifth-generation (5G) communications require that several Internet of Things (IoT) applications need to adopt the use of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems to provide an improved capacity over multi-path channel environment. In this paper, we study a clustering technique for MIMO-based IoT communication systems to achieve energy efficiency. In particular, a novel MIMO-based energy-efficient unequal hybrid clustering (MIMO-HC) protocol is proposed for applications on the IoT in the 5G environment and beyond. Experimental analysis is conducted to assess the effectiveness of the suggested MIMO-HC protocol and compared with existing state-of-the-art research. The proposed MIMO-HC scheme achieves less energy consumption and better network lifetime compared to existing techniques. Specifically, the proposed MIMO-HC improves the network lifetime by approximately 3× as long as the first node and the final node dies as compared with the existing protocol. Moreover, the energy that cluster heads consume on the proposed MIMO-HC is 40% less than that expended in the existing protocol.
无线传感器网络（WSN）中的一个主要问题是，大多数传感器节点由能量受限的电池供电，其有限的使用寿命严重影响了网络的性能、质量和寿命。因此，人们提出了多种聚类方法来提高无线传感器网络的能源效率。与此同时，第五代（5G）通信要求一些物联网（IoT）应用需要采用多输入多输出（MIMO）天线系统，以便在多径信道环境中提供更高的容量。在本文中，我们研究了一种用于基于MIMO的物联网通信系统的聚类技术，以实现能源效率。特别是，针对5G及以后环境中的物联网应用，提出了一种新颖的基于MIMO的节能不等混合聚类（MIMO-HC）协议。进行了实验分析，以评估所提出的MIMO-HC协议的有效性，并与现有的最新研究进行比较。与现有技术相比，所提出的MIMO-HC方案实现了更低的能耗和更长的网络寿命。具体而言，与现有协议相比，所提出的MIMO-HC将网络寿命提高了约3倍，即第一个节点和最后一个节点死亡的时间间隔。此外，所提出的MIMO-HC中簇头发射机消耗的能量比现有协议消耗的能量少40%。
