Putnam Samuel P, Spritz Becky L, Stifter Cynthia A
Department of Human Development and Family Studies Pennsylvania State University.
Department of Psychology Pennsylvania State University.
Infancy. 2002 Apr;3(2):209-225. doi: 10.1207/S15327078IN0302_6. Epub 2002 Apr 1.
Fifty-eight 30-month-old children and their mothers were observed during a task in which the child was asked to refrain from touching an attractive toy. Child and maternal regulatory strategies were independently coded in 5-sec intervals. Consistent with past research, the ability to refrain from touching the toy was associated with less time orienting to the forbidden object and more time focusing on other stimuli. Mothers of children who refrained from touching the toy were more likely to use distraction as a technique to assist in their children's regulation than were mothers of touchers, whereas mothers of children who transgressed used more nondistracting strategies than did mothers of nontouchers. Analysis of contingent behaviors suggested that mothers and children effectively coregulated behavior during this challenging situation, as children and mothers followed one another's lead in the allocation of attention away from the toy. These findings indicate the benefits of proactive, rather than reactive, parental strategies for assisting child delay of gratification.
对58名30个月大的儿童及其母亲进行了观察，任务是要求孩子不要触摸一个有吸引力的玩具。以5秒为间隔，分别对儿童和母亲的调节策略进行编码。与过去的研究一致，克制不触摸玩具的能力与注视被禁止物品的时间减少以及专注于其他刺激的时间增加有关。克制不触摸玩具的孩子的母亲比触摸玩具的孩子的母亲更有可能使用分散注意力的技巧来帮助孩子进行自我调节，而违反规定的孩子的母亲比未触摸玩具的孩子的母亲更多地使用非分散注意力的策略。对相依行为的分析表明，在这种具有挑战性的情况下，母亲和孩子有效地共同调节了行为，因为孩子和母亲在将注意力从玩具上转移开的分配过程中相互引领。这些发现表明了积极主动而非被动反应的父母策略在帮助孩子延迟满足方面的益处。
