Chmielewski R A N, Frank J F
The authors are with the Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Center for Food Safety, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602. Direct inquiries to author Frank (E-mail:
Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2003 Jan;2(1):22-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2003.tb00012.x.
Microorganisms on wet surfaces have the ability to aggregate, grow into microcolonies, and produce biofilm. Growth of biofilms in food processing environments leads to increased opportunity for microbial contamination of the processed product. These biofilms may contain spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. Microorganisms within biofilms are protected from sanitizers increasing the likelihood of survival and subsequent contamination of food. This increases the risk of reduced shelf life and disease transmission. Extracellular polymeric substances associated with biofilm that are not removed by cleaning provide attachment sites for microorganisms newly arrived to the cleaned system. Biofilm formation can also cause the impairment of heat transfer and corrosion to metal surfaces. Some of the methods used to control biofilm formation include mechanical and manual cleaning, chemical cleaning and sanitation, and application of hot water.
潮湿表面上的微生物能够聚集、生长成微菌落并形成生物膜。食品加工环境中生物膜的生长会增加加工产品受到微生物污染的机会。这些生物膜可能含有腐败微生物和致病微生物。生物膜内的微生物受到消毒剂的保护，从而增加了存活以及随后污染食品的可能性。这增加了缩短保质期和疾病传播的风险。与生物膜相关的细胞外聚合物物质如果没有通过清洁去除，会为新进入清洁系统的微生物提供附着位点。生物膜的形成还会导致热传递受损以及金属表面腐蚀。一些用于控制生物膜形成的方法包括机械和人工清洁、化学清洁和卫生处理以及热水的应用。
