Zottola E A, Sasahara K C
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108.
Int J Food Microbiol. 1994 Oct;23(2):125-48. doi: 10.1016/0168-1605(94)90047-7.
Biofilm formation will occur on solid surfaces in contact with a liquid. Organic and inorganic material in the liquid sediment onto the solid material. Subsequently, biologically active microorganisms will be attracted to this conditioned surface and adhere to it. The microbial cells will initiate growth, form an attachment matrix and develop into a complex community forming a microbial biofilm. Such microbial biofilms are common on solid surfaces in contact with many different kinds of liquids, fresh water, sea water, oil, milk and so on. These biofilms may be of benefit or be detrimental to the environment where they form. The goal of this review has been to summarize the literature on the development of microbial biofilms in these different environments with particular emphasis on what occurs in the environment of a food processing plant. Methods to control adherent microorganisms and subsequent biofilms in the food processing plant are discussed. It is apparent from the data that has been reviewed that the potential for the development of microbial biofilms in the environment of the food processing plant exists. However, the cleaning and sanitizing practices carried out in the food industry have been shown to control biofilm formation on food contact surfaces. Microbial attachment has been shown to occur on non-food contact surfaces and these attached microbes, if left undisturbed, will form biofilms. The potential for contamination of food with undesirable spoilage and pathogenic bacteria from attached microbes and biofilms exists in these food processing systems. Biofilm formation on non-food contact surfaces needs to be studied further and methods developed to prevent and control these biofilms.
生物膜形成会在与液体接触的固体表面上发生。液体中的有机和无机物质会沉积到固体物质上。随后，具有生物活性的微生物会被这个预处理过的表面吸引并附着在其上。微生物细胞会开始生长，形成附着基质，并发展成一个复杂的群落，从而形成微生物生物膜。这种微生物生物膜在与许多不同种类液体接触的固体表面很常见，比如淡水、海水、油、牛奶等等。这些生物膜可能对它们形成的环境有益，也可能有害。这篇综述的目的是总结关于微生物生物膜在这些不同环境中形成的文献，特别强调在食品加工厂环境中发生的情况。文中讨论了控制食品加工厂中附着微生物及后续生物膜形成的方法。从已审查的数据可以明显看出，食品加工厂环境中存在微生物生物膜形成的可能性。然而，食品工业中进行的清洁和消毒措施已被证明可以控制食品接触表面上的生物膜形成。已表明微生物会附着在非食品接触表面上，并且这些附着的微生物如果不被干扰，将会形成生物膜。在这些食品加工系统中，存在附着微生物和生物膜导致食品被不良腐败菌和病原菌污染的可能性。非食品接触表面上的生物膜形成需要进一步研究，并开发预防和控制这些生物膜的方法。
