Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard College and Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Diabetologia. 2021 May;64(5):1030-1036. doi: 10.1007/s00125-020-05367-2. Epub 2021 Jan 16.
Present-day treatments for people that are insulin dependent require multiple insulin injections, sometimes with an insulin pump, coupled with regular blood glucose monitoring. The availability of modified insulins, each with peaks of activity at varying times, has improved diabetes management. On the other hand, there have been impressive results leading to insulin independence by transplantation of cadaveric islets coupled with immune suppression. This review focuses on the possibility of treating diabetes with cellular transplants, specifically with the use of pluripotent stem cells, to produce a virtually unlimited and uniform supply of human islet-like clusters by directed differentiation. Prospects for improving the in vitro differentiation of human endocrine cells for the study of endocrine function and their possible clinical uses are also discussed.
目前，胰岛素依赖型患者的治疗方法需要多次注射胰岛素，有时还需要使用胰岛素泵，并定期监测血糖。改良胰岛素的出现，每种胰岛素的作用峰值时间不同，这改善了糖尿病的管理。另一方面，通过移植尸体胰岛并结合免疫抑制，已经取得了令人瞩目的结果，实现了胰岛素的独立性。这篇综述重点讨论了通过细胞移植治疗糖尿病的可能性，特别是使用多能干细胞，通过定向分化产生几乎无限且均匀的人胰岛样簇供应。还讨论了改善人类内分泌细胞体外分化用于研究内分泌功能及其可能的临床应用的前景。
