Davidson Fiona, Rigney Gabrielle, Brine Sarah, Speth Tamara, Miller Laura, Rusak Benjamin, Chambers Christine, Rajda Malgorzata, Begum Esmot Ara, Corkum Penny
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Queensland, Australia.
Behav Sleep Med. 2022 Jan-Feb;20(1):21-36. doi: 10.1080/15402002.2021.1873785. Epub 2021 Jan 17.
OBJECTIVES/BACKGROUND: Correlational studies show that short sleep is associated with negative daytime outcomes in school-aged children, but there are few experimental sleep manipulation studies to assess whether this is a causal relation. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of mild, cumulative sleep restriction on daytime functioning of typically developing (TD) children and children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
A total of 36 school-aged children (n = 18 TD; n = 18 ADHD), aged 6-11 years participated.
Children participated in two sleep conditions (order counter-balanced). The Restricted condition required a 1 h reduction of time in bed for one week, and the Controlled Typical condition was based on participant's average baseline sleep. At the end of each condition, participants attended the sleep lab for overnight polysomnography and daytime functioning assessments.
Children successfully reduced time in bed by ~1 h. Due to compensatory changes, total sleep time (TST) was reduced by only ~20 min, as children fell asleep faster and spent less time awake after sleep onset during the Restricted compared to Controlled Typical condition. Many daytime functions were not affected by this very mild sleep restriction, however, both groups showed significant changes in performance on an objective attention task and on a parent-rated emotional lability measure after six nights of minimal reductions in TST. There were no significant differences between groups.
Results suggest that a very mild sleep restriction can affect children's attention and emotional regulation, even with evidence of compensatory sleep mechanisms.
目的/背景：相关性研究表明，睡眠不足与学龄儿童白天的负面表现有关，但很少有实验性睡眠干预研究来评估这是否为因果关系。本研究的目的是确定轻度、累积性睡眠限制对发育正常（TD）儿童和注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童白天功能的影响。
共有36名6至11岁的学龄儿童参与（n = 18名TD儿童；n = 18名ADHD儿童）。
儿童参与两种睡眠条件（顺序采用平衡法）。限制条件要求连续一周卧床时间减少1小时，对照正常条件基于参与者的平均基线睡眠情况。在每种条件结束时，参与者前往睡眠实验室进行夜间多导睡眠图监测和白天功能评估。
儿童成功将卧床时间减少了约1小时。由于代偿性变化，总睡眠时间（TST）仅减少了约20分钟，因为与对照正常条件相比，在限制条件下儿童入睡更快，睡眠开始后清醒时间更少。许多白天功能并未受到这种非常轻微的睡眠限制的影响，然而，在TST略有减少的六个晚上后，两组在一项客观注意力任务和一项家长评定的情绪不稳定测量中的表现均出现了显著变化。两组之间没有显著差异。
结果表明，即使存在代偿性睡眠机制，非常轻微的睡眠限制也会影响儿童的注意力和情绪调节。
