Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.
Rev Neurol (Paris). 2021 Jun;177(6):619-626. doi: 10.1016/j.neurol.2020.09.003. Epub 2021 Jan 15.
Attention allows us to prioritize the processing of external information according to our goals, but also to cope with sudden, unforeseen events. Attention processes rely on the coordinated activity of large-scale brain networks. At the cortical level, these systems are mainly organized in fronto-parietal networks, with functional and anatomical asymmetries in favor of the right hemisphere. Dysfunction of these right-lateralized networks often produce severe deficit of spatial attention, such as visual neglect. Other brain-damaged patients avoid moving the limbs contralateral to their brain lesion, even in the absence of sensorimotor deficits (motor neglect). This paper first summarizes past and current evidence on brain networks of attention; then, it presents clinical and experimental findings on visual and motor neglect, and on the possible mechanisms of clinical recovery.
注意使我们能够根据目标优先处理外部信息，还能应对突发的、意料之外的事件。注意过程依赖于大脑的大规模网络的协调活动。在皮质水平上，这些系统主要组织在额顶网络中，右半球具有功能和解剖学上的不对称性。这些右侧网络的功能障碍通常会导致严重的空间注意缺陷，如视觉忽视。其他脑损伤患者即使在没有感觉运动缺陷（运动忽视）的情况下，也会避免移动与大脑损伤相对侧的肢体。本文首先总结了关于注意力的大脑网络的过去和当前证据；然后，介绍了视觉和运动忽视的临床和实验发现，以及临床康复的可能机制。
