Michel Matthias, Gao Yi, Mazor Matan, Kletenik Isaiah, Rahnev Dobromir
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Trends Cogn Sci. 2024 Dec;28(12):1066-1077. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.09.003. Epub 2024 Oct 1.
Anosognosia for visual deficits - cases where significant visual deficits go unnoticed - challenges the view that our own conscious experiences are what we know best. We review these widespread and striking failures of awareness. Anosognosia can occur with total blindness, visual abnormalities induced by brain lesions, and eye diseases. We show that anosognosia for visual deficits is surprisingly widespread. Building on previous accounts, we introduce a framework showing how apparently disparate forms of anosognosia fit together. The central idea is that, to notice a deficit, individuals need to form expectations about normal vision, compare expectations and visual input, and judge any mismatch at the metacognitive level. A failure in any of these three steps may lead to unawareness of visual deficits.
视觉缺陷失认症——即严重的视觉缺陷未被察觉的情况——挑战了我们自身的意识体验是我们最为了解的这一观点。我们回顾了这些普遍且惊人的意识缺失案例。视觉缺陷失认症可能发生在完全失明、脑部病变引起的视觉异常以及眼部疾病的情况下。我们发现视觉缺陷失认症惊人地普遍。基于先前的描述，我们引入了一个框架，展示了看似不同形式的失认症是如何相互契合的。核心观点是，为了察觉到缺陷，个体需要形成关于正常视觉的预期，将预期与视觉输入进行比较，并在元认知层面判断任何不匹配之处。这三个步骤中任何一个出现失误都可能导致对视觉缺陷的无意识。
