Ji Tingting, Tybur Joshua M, van Vugt Mark
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Group Process Intergroup Relat. 2021 Jan;24(1):177-192. doi: 10.1177/1368430219882489. Epub 2019 Nov 25.
Are male and female immigrants viewed similarly or differently? Consistent with an evolutionary threat management perspective, we suggest that the answer to this question depends upon what types of threats immigrant groups are perceived as posing. In the present study, we compared attitudes toward male and female immigrants from either a violent ecology (e.g., Syria) or a pathogen-rich ecology (e.g., Liberia). We hypothesized that people would have more negative attitudes toward male than female immigrants from a violent ecology, but that attitudes would be similar toward male and female immigrants from a pathogen-rich ecology. Internal meta-analyses of three studies (total = 1,488) were in line with our hypothesis. They showed that attitudes toward male immigrants from a violent ecology were more negative than attitudes toward female immigrants from the same ecology. In contrast, attitudes toward male and female immigrants were similar when those immigrants came from a pathogen-rich ecology. Our findings are consistent with an evolutionary threat management perspective on outgroup prejudice and are aligned with the male warrior hypothesis: Attitudes toward male versus female outgroup members vary with the potential threats these outgroups pose.
男性和女性移民被看待的方式是相似还是不同呢？与进化威胁管理视角一致，我们认为这个问题的答案取决于移民群体被视为构成何种类型的威胁。在本研究中，我们比较了人们对来自暴力环境（如叙利亚）或病原体丰富环境（如利比里亚）的男性和女性移民的态度。我们假设，人们对来自暴力环境的男性移民的态度会比对女性移民更负面，但对来自病原体丰富环境的男性和女性移民的态度会相似。对三项研究（总计1488人）的内部荟萃分析与我们的假设一致。分析表明，对来自暴力环境的男性移民的态度比对来自同一环境的女性移民更负面。相比之下，当移民来自病原体丰富的环境时，人们对男性和女性移民的态度是相似的。我们的研究结果与关于外群体偏见的进化威胁管理视角一致，并且与男性战士假设相符：对外群体男性与女性成员的态度会因这些外群体所构成的潜在威胁而有所不同。
