群体间冲突的进化心理学：男性勇士假说。
Evolution and the psychology of intergroup conflict: the male warrior hypothesis.
机构信息
Department of Psychology, and the Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48840, USA. (
出版信息
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2012 Mar 5;367(1589):670-9. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0301.
Abstract
The social science literature contains numerous examples of human tribalism and parochialism-the tendency to categorize individuals on the basis of their group membership, and treat ingroup members benevolently and outgroup members malevolently. We hypothesize that this tribal inclination is an adaptive response to the threat of coalitional aggression and intergroup conflict perpetrated by 'warrior males' in both ancestral and modern human environments. Here, we describe how male coalitional aggression could have affected the social psychologies of men and women differently and present preliminary evidence from experimental social psychological studies testing various predictions from the 'male warrior' hypothesis. Finally, we discuss the theoretical implications of our research for studying intergroup relations both in humans and non-humans and discuss some practical implications.
摘要
社会科学文献中包含大量人类部落主义和狭隘主义的例子——即根据群体成员身份对个人进行分类，并善意对待群体内成员，恶意对待群体外成员。我们假设这种部落倾向是对来自于祖先和现代人类环境中的“战士男性”的联盟攻击和群体间冲突威胁的一种适应性反应。在这里，我们描述了男性联盟攻击如何以不同的方式影响男性和女性的社会心理，并从实验社会心理学研究中提供了初步证据，这些研究检验了“男性战士”假说的各种预测。最后，我们讨论了我们的研究对研究人类和非人类群体间关系的理论意义，并讨论了一些实际意义。
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