Proinflammatory cytokine polarization in type 2 diabetes.

Subclinical inflammatory reaction is associated with non-insulin dependent diabetes. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to describe the effect of the three cytokines: interferon γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 on the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Forty-five volunteers (after their permission) were participated in this work; according to their clinical examination and laboratory investigations (fasting blood sugar, 2 hours postprandial, HbA1c and lipid profile), they were divided into thirteen control (non-diabetic) (five females and eight males) and thirty-two diabetic patients (twenty-one females and eleven males). Thereafter, their sera were evaluated for C-reactive protein (CRP), IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-5. The results revealed an increasing trend of CRP and a significant increase of IFN-γ in diabetic patients with no sex difference. A positive correlation between IFN-γ and both IL-4 and IL-5 in control, and a positive correlation between IL-4 and IL-5 in diabetic patients had been visualized. These results denoted that there may be an association of the pro-inflammatory cytokines in the etiology of diabetes mellitus type 2.