Henkel Ibérica S.A, Research and Development (R&D) Insect Control Department, Barcelona, Spain.
Laboratorios Lokímica, Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo (I+D), Valencia, Spain.
J Med Entomol. 2021 May 15;58(3):1287-1297. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjaa298.
Vector-borne diseases are a worldwide threat to human health. Often, no vaccines or treatments exist. Thus, personal protection products play an essential role in limiting transmission. The World Health Organization (WHO) arm-in-cage (AIC) test is the most common method for evaluating the efficacy of topical repellents, but it remains unclear whether AIC testing conditions recreate the mosquito landing rates in the field. This study aimed to estimate the landing rate outdoors, in an area of Europe highly infested with the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894, Diptera: Culididae)), and to determine how to replicate this rate in the laboratory. To assess the landing rate in the field, 16 individuals were exposed to mosquitoes in a highly infested region of Italy. These field results were then compared to results obtained in the laboratory: 1) in a 30 m3 room where nine volunteers were exposed to different mosquito abundances (ranges: 15-20, 25-30, and 45-50) and 2) in a 0.064 m3 AIC test cage where 10 individuals exposed their arms to 200 mosquitoes (as per WHO requirements). The highest mosquito landing rate in the field was 26.8 landings/min. In the room test, a similar landing rate was achieved using 15-20 mosquitoes (density: 0.50-0.66 mosquitoes/m3) and an exposure time of 3 min. In the AIC test using 200 mosquitoes (density: 3,125 mosquitoes/m3), the landing rate was 229 ± 48 landings/min. This study provides useful reference values that can be employed to design new evaluation standards for topical repellents that better simulate field conditions.
虫媒传染病是对全球人类健康的威胁。通常，这些疾病没有疫苗或治疗方法。因此，个人防护产品在限制传播方面起着至关重要的作用。世界卫生组织（WHO）的笼诱法（AIC）试验是评估局部驱避剂功效的最常用方法，但尚不清楚 AIC 测试条件是否能重现野外的蚊虫降落率。本研究旨在估计户外地区（蚊虫高度滋生的欧洲地区）的降落率，并确定如何在实验室中重现此降落率。为了评估现场降落率，16 人在意大利蚊虫高度滋生的地区暴露于蚊子。然后将这些现场结果与实验室结果进行比较：1）在一个 30 m3 的房间中，九名志愿者暴露于不同的蚊虫丰度（范围：15-20、25-30 和 45-50），2）在一个 0.064 m3 的 AIC 测试笼中，十个人将手臂暴露于 200 只蚊子（按照 WHO 的要求）。现场的最高蚊虫降落率为 26.8 次/分钟。在房间测试中，使用 15-20 只蚊子（密度：0.50-0.66 只/立方米）和 3 分钟的暴露时间，可实现类似的降落率。在 AIC 测试中使用 200 只蚊子（密度：3125 只/立方米）时，降落率为 229±48 次/分钟。本研究提供了有用的参考值，可用于设计更好地模拟野外条件的局部驱避剂新评估标准。
