Pasetto Roberto, Marsili Daniela, Rosignoli Francesca, Bisceglia Lucia, Caranci Nicola, Fabri Alessandra, Innocenti-Malini Giulia, Melis Giulia, Minardi Valentina, Zengarini Nicolàs, Zona Amerigo, Mannarini Terri
Dipartimento ambiente e salute, Istituto superiore di sanità, Roma;
WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health in Contaminated Sites, Istituto superiore di sanità, Roma.
Epidemiol Prev. 2020 Sep-Dec;44(5-6):417-425. doi: 10.19191/EP20.5-6.A001.
The communities residing close to industrially contaminated sites are often affected by several fragilities, particularly of a socioeconomic nature. The disadvantaged conditions have often resulted from their marginalization in the decision-making related to the industrialization processes and may persist even when action is taken to limit the harmful consequences for the natural and social environment. Exposure to contaminants and the resulting health risks often regard socioeconomic deprived communities or the most disadvantaged subgroups, generating conditions of environmental injustice. This paper reports the results of a multidisciplinary reflection focusing on the Italian context. It describes how the national epidemiological surveillance system of communities residing close to industrially contaminated sites (named SENTIERI) and local epidemiological surveillance systems can be implemented to document local conditions of distributive injustice (inequalities in harmful exposures and consequent health risks). Furthermore, it analyses the mechanisms for generating and maintaining marginalities that prevent local communities from participating in decision-making processes (procedural injustice). Finally, after having identified and described the dimensions of community capacity, which concern both to the understanding of the adverse effects of environmental contamination and to the capability of promoting interventions against environmental injustices, it proposes an environmental justice promotion approach that starts from mapping the dimensions of community capacity as a premise to the identification of interventions for community empowerment.
居住在工业污染场地附近的社区往往受到多种脆弱性的影响，特别是社会经济性质的脆弱性。这些不利条件往往是由于它们在与工业化进程相关的决策中被边缘化造成的，即使采取行动限制对自然和社会环境的有害后果，这种情况也可能持续存在。接触污染物以及由此产生的健康风险往往涉及社会经济贫困社区或最弱势群体，从而产生环境不公正的状况。本文报告了一项以意大利背景为重点的多学科思考结果。它描述了如何实施居住在工业污染场地附近社区的国家流行病学监测系统（名为SENTIERI）和地方流行病学监测系统，以记录分配不公正的当地状况（有害暴露和随之而来的健康风险方面的不平等）。此外，它分析了导致和维持边缘化的机制，这些机制使当地社区无法参与决策过程（程序不公正）。最后，在确定并描述了社区能力的维度后，这些维度既涉及对环境污染不利影响的理解，也涉及促进针对环境不公正的干预措施的能力，它提出了一种环境正义促进方法，该方法从绘制社区能力维度开始，作为确定社区赋权干预措施的前提。
