Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio. Granada. España.
Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio. Granada. España. Instituto IBS Granada. España.
Arch Esp Urol. 2021 Jan;74(1):4-14.
Urinary stones is a pathology whose incidence and prevalence are increasing in developed and underdeveloped countries. Overall, in the United States the prevalence has been increased from 3.2% in 1980 to 10.1% in 2014. In Spain, this increase has also been significant, from 5% in 2005 to 14.6% in 2016. In the rest of the world happens in a similar way, where an average increase is observed in the last 15-20 years of approximately 5-7%. The decade of life between 40-60 years is usually the highest incidence of stones. Regarding sex, in recent years there has been a growing in women, associated with a change in diet and obesity, and currently there are no differences between sex. It is a more frequent disease in the Western world,although there are countries in the Middle East such as Saudi Arabia where the prevalence is very high, around 20%. Respect the lithiasis composition, calcium oxalate continues to be the most frequent around 70-80%, with an increase in uric acid lithiasis in recent years and a decrease in infective lithiasis. In relation to the appearance of this pathology in children, it is rare in the first years of life, being more prevalent from 12-13 years of age and increasing in adolescence. It is usually more common in girls than in boys and in the Caucasian racecompared to African Americans. There are no differences in lithiasic composition with respect to adults, calcium oxalate being the most frequent composition, but with a prevalence of 50-60%. However, the causes and etiopathogenic factors in children are less studied and well known than in adults.
尿路结石是一种在发达国家和发展中国家发病率和患病率都在增加的疾病。总的来说，在美国，患病率从 1980 年的 3.2%上升到了 2014 年的 10.1%。在西班牙，这一增长也很显著，从 2005 年的 5%上升到了 2016 年的 14.6%。在世界其他地区，情况也类似，在过去 15-20 年中，平均患病率增长了约 5-7%。40-60 岁的年龄段通常是结石发病率最高的时期。至于性别，近年来女性发病率呈上升趋势，这与饮食和肥胖的变化有关，目前男女之间没有差异。这种疾病在西方国家更为常见，尽管在中东地区的一些国家，如沙特阿拉伯，患病率非常高，约为 20%。就结石成分而言，草酸钙仍然是最常见的，约占 70-80%，近年来尿酸结石的发病率有所上升，感染性结石的发病率有所下降。关于这种疾病在儿童中的出现，在生命的最初几年很少见，从 12-13 岁开始更为常见，并在青春期增加。它通常在女孩中比在男孩中更为常见，在白种人种族中比在非裔美国人中更为常见。与成年人相比，结石成分没有差异，草酸钙仍然是最常见的成分，但患病率为 50-60%。然而，与成年人相比，儿童的结石病因和发病机制研究得较少，也不太为人所知。
