Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA.
Int J Qual Health Care. 2021 Feb 5;33(1). doi: 10.1093/intqhc/mzab012.
Much of home healthcare is also performed by informal caregivers. This paper seeks to add understanding to the home healthcare field, specifically studying care handoffs between informal caregivers. This study included 16 trained and 20 lay participants to determine differences due to expertise. This comparison is useful because there is a lot of published research on healthcare handoff happenings involving healthcare professionals, and the results indicate how much of the published research can be applied to care handoffs between informal caregivers.
The primary objective of this study is to identify differences between lay and professional caregivers when there is uncertainty in a caregiving handoff from their fellow caregiver.
The study design included between-group analysis of Expertise (layman and expert) and within-group analysis of Task Difficulty and Communication Modality. Dependent variables included willingness to ask for help, confidence in handoff instructions, confidence in the ability to complete tasks and task accuracy. Both Expertise groups were given the same four scenarios in a repeated measures study design.
The findings suggest statistically significant differences in how informal caregivers respond to unclear handoff instructions, where lay participants were more confident in understanding instructions, more confident in executing the tasks, less willing to ask for help and also less able to spot and resolve conflicting information compared to trained participants. Lower performance in resolving conflicting information was exhibited by the lay participants. However, when comparing with the syringes that were prepared correctly, it was observed that the accuracy of those prepared syringes was higher for lay participants than for trained participants.
It was anticipated that lay participants would be more willing to ask for help due to lack of subject matter expertise and trained participants would be more confident in completing tasks due to their superior subject matter expertise, but the opposite was true in both cases. It was also anticipated that lay and trained participants would be equally confident of the instructions given by their fellow caregiver, yet trained participants were less confident. The results from this study have impacts on the design of instructions (often by formal caregivers) for informal caregivers.
许多家庭医疗护理也是由非正式护理人员提供的。本文旨在深入了解家庭医疗护理领域，特别是研究非正式护理人员之间的护理交接情况。本研究包括 16 名经过培训的护理人员和 20 名非专业护理人员，以确定因专业知识而产生的差异。进行这种比较是有用的，因为有很多关于涉及医疗保健专业人员的医疗保健交接事件的已发表研究，这些结果表明有多少已发表的研究可以应用于非正式护理人员之间的护理交接。
本研究的主要目的是确定在护理交接中存在不确定性时，非专业护理人员和专业护理人员之间的差异。
研究设计包括对专业知识（非专业人员和专家）进行组间分析，以及对任务难度和沟通方式进行组内分析。因变量包括寻求帮助的意愿、对接手说明的信心、完成任务的信心和任务准确性。在重复测量研究设计中，两组专家都接受了相同的四个场景。
研究结果表明，非专业护理人员对不明确的交接说明的反应存在统计学显著差异，其中非专业护理人员对理解说明更有信心，对执行任务更有信心，寻求帮助的意愿较低，也较少能够发现和解决冲突信息，与经过培训的参与者相比。非专业护理人员在解决冲突信息方面的表现较差。然而，与准备正确的注射器相比，观察到非专业护理人员准备的注射器的准确性更高。
预计由于缺乏主题专业知识，非专业护理人员会更愿意寻求帮助，而由于其卓越的主题专业知识，经过培训的护理人员会更有信心完成任务，但在这两种情况下都是相反的。也预计非专业护理人员和专业护理人员对接手的护理人员提供的说明会同样有信心，但实际情况是经过培训的护理人员信心不足。这项研究的结果对为非正式护理人员设计交接说明（通常由正式护理人员提供）产生了影响。
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