Department of Communication, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Ergonomics. 2021 Jul;64(7):869-878. doi: 10.1080/00140139.2021.1876927. Epub 2021 Feb 1.
The Task Load Index (TLX) is the predominant instrument for self-reporting workload. On the basis of a meta-analytic review of 556 studies, this paper supplies reference values for TLX and its six subscales across domains, technologies, regions, and real-life/lab settings. Across domains, TLX spans mean values from 35 for leisure to 56 for manual labour. TLX tends to be driven upward by the subscales of mental demand and effort and downward by the subscales of physical demand and frustration. For technologies, handheld devices are associated with lower TLX, possibly because they are simpler and more task-specific. TLX also varies across regions in that it is higher for studies in Asia than in Europe and North America. This variation is only partly explained by co-variation in domains. Furthermore, TLX is higher and its subscales more inter-correlated when it is studied in real-life rather than lab settings. Practitioners can use the reference values supplied in this paper to benchmark their TLX measurements against those from the corpus of TLX research. Furthermore, the reported subscale patterns add to the diagnostic power of the TLX instrument. TLX: task load index; MD: mental demand; PD: physical demand; TD: temporal demand; EF: effort; PE: performance; FR: frustration.
任务负荷指数(TLX)是自我报告工作量的主要工具。基于对 556 项研究的荟萃分析综述,本文为 TLX 及其六个分量表在不同领域、技术、地区和现实/实验室环境中的参考值提供了依据。在不同领域中,TLX 的平均值从休闲时的 35 到体力劳动时的 56 不等。TLX 往往受心理需求和努力这两个分量表的驱动而上升,受物理需求和挫折这两个分量表的驱动而下降。对于技术,手持设备与较低的 TLX 相关联,这可能是因为它们更简单,更具任务特定性。TLX 在不同地区也存在差异,即在亚洲的研究中比在欧洲和北美更高。这种差异仅部分由领域中的共变量解释。此外,当在现实生活中而不是在实验室环境中进行研究时,TLX 更高,其分量表之间的相关性也更高。从业者可以使用本文提供的参考值来将他们的 TLX 测量值与 TLX 研究文献中的值进行基准比较。此外,报告的分量表模式增加了 TLX 工具的诊断能力。TLX:任务负荷指数;MD:心理需求;PD:物理需求;TD:时间需求;EF:努力;PE:绩效;FR:挫折。
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