Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates.
Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2021;21(18):2487-2504. doi: 10.2174/1871520621666210119093844.
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), as attractive hybrid crystalline porous materials, are being increasingly investigated in biomedical applications owing to their exceptional properties, including high porosity, ultrahigh surface areas, tailorable composition and structure, and tunability and surface functionality. Of interest, in this review, is the design and development of MOF-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) that have excellent biocompatibility, good stability under physiological conditions, high drug loading capacity, and controlled/targeted drug release.
This review highlights the latest advances in MOFs as anticancer drug delivery systems (DDSs) along with insights on their design, fabrication, and performance under different stimuli that are either internal or external. The synthesis methods of MOFs, along with their advantages and disadvantages, are briefly discussed. The emergence of multifunctional MOF-based theranostic platforms is also discussed. Finally, the future challenges facing the developments of MOFs in the field of drug delivery are discussed.
The review was prepared by carrying out a comprehensive literature survey using relevant work published in various scientific databases.
Novel MOFs in biomedical applications, especially in drug delivery, have shown great potential. MOF-based DDSs can be classified into normal (non-controllable) DDSs, stimuli-responsive DDSs, and theranostic platforms. The normal DDSs are pristine MOFs loaded with therapeutic agents and offer little to no control over drug release. Stimuli-responsive DDSs offer better spatiotemporal control over drug release by responding to either endogenous (pH, redox, ions, ATP) or exogenous stimuli (light, magnetism, US, pressure, temperature). The theranostic platforms combine stimuli-responsive drug delivery with diagnostic imaging functionality, paving the road for imaging-guided drug delivery.
This review presented a summary of the various methods utilized in MOF's synthesis along with the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Furthermore, the review highlighted and discussed the latest developments in the field of MOF-based DDSs and theranostic platforms. The review is focused on the characteristics of MOF-based DDSs, the encapsulation of different anticancer drugs as well as their stimuli-responsive release.
金属有机骨架（MOFs）作为一种有吸引力的混合结晶多孔材料，由于其独特的性质，包括高孔隙率、超高比表面积、可调节的组成和结构以及可调谐性和表面功能，在生物医学应用中受到越来越多的关注。在本综述中，感兴趣的是设计和开发基于 MOF 的药物传递系统（DDS），这些系统具有出色的生物相容性、在生理条件下的良好稳定性、高载药能力以及控制/靶向药物释放。
本综述重点介绍了 MOF 作为抗癌药物传递系统（DDS）的最新进展，以及它们在内部或外部不同刺激下的设计、制造和性能的见解。简要讨论了 MOF 的合成方法，以及它们的优缺点。还讨论了多功能基于 MOF 的治疗诊断平台的出现。最后，讨论了 MOF 在药物输送领域发展所面临的未来挑战。
通过在各种科学数据库中进行全面的文献调查，准备了本综述。
新型 MOF 在生物医学应用中，特别是在药物输送方面，显示出巨大的潜力。基于 MOF 的 DDS 可分为普通（不可控）DDS、刺激响应性 DDS 和治疗诊断平台。普通 DDS 是负载治疗剂的原始 MOF，对药物释放几乎没有控制。刺激响应性 DDS 通过响应内源性（pH、氧化还原、离子、ATP）或外源性刺激（光、磁性、US、压力、温度），对药物释放提供更好的时空控制。治疗诊断平台将刺激响应性药物输送与诊断成像功能相结合，为成像引导药物输送铺平了道路。
本综述总结了 MOF 合成中使用的各种方法，以及每种方法的优缺点。此外，本综述还强调并讨论了基于 MOF 的 DDS 和治疗诊断平台领域的最新发展。本综述重点介绍了基于 MOF 的 DDS 的特点、不同抗癌药物的封装以及它们的刺激响应性释放。
