Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas.
Personal Disord. 2021 Nov;12(6):560-569. doi: 10.1037/per0000470. Epub 2021 Jan 18.
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) alterative model of personality disorders, severity of personality dysfunction theoretically involves deficits in identity, self-direction, empathy, and intimacy. We predicted that people with greater personality dysfunction would experience more problems in daily life, particularly problems associated with self-efficacy for engaging with affect and self-control (i.e., subjective willpower and distress intolerance), along with greater intensity of life stressors and higher perceived invalidation from others. Using ecological momentary assessment, participants (N = 99) were randomly prompted 7 times a day for 1 week, where they were asked questions about momentary affect, their perceived level of momentary distress tolerance, and their momentary willpower. Each night they were also asked about stressors experienced that day and intensity of their subjective response to those stressors and their daily experience of being invalidated. Results found that higher personality dysfunction, assessed at baseline, predicted greater daily negative affect, less daily positive affect, more intensely experienced stressors, and more perceived invalidation. We also found that personality dysfunction interacted with positive affect in predicting momentary self-efficacy and daily invalidation; people with greater personality dysfunction experienced lower momentary willpower, higher distress intolerance and stronger perceived invalidation alongside lower positive affect. These findings provide evidence that personality functioning influences daily life as well as support the use of the alterative model of personality disorders in conceptualizing personality pathology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
根据《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》第五版（DSM-5）的替代人格障碍模式，人格功能障碍的严重程度理论上涉及身份认同、自我导向、同理心和亲密关系的缺陷。我们预测，人格功能障碍程度较高的人在日常生活中会遇到更多问题，特别是与情感投入和自我控制的自我效能（即主观意志力和痛苦耐受力）相关的问题，以及生活压力源的强度更大和他人的否定感更高。使用生态瞬时评估，参与者（N=99）在一周内每天随机提示 7 次，询问他们关于瞬时情绪、瞬时痛苦耐受力的感知水平以及瞬时意志力的问题。每天晚上，他们还被问到当天经历的压力源以及对这些压力源的主观反应的强度，以及他们日常被否定的经历。结果发现，基线评估的人格功能障碍程度越高，预测的日常负面情绪越多，正面情绪越少，体验到的压力源强度越大，以及感知到的否定感越多。我们还发现，人格功能障碍与积极情绪相互作用，预测瞬时自我效能和日常否定感；人格功能障碍程度较高的人在积极情绪较低的同时，瞬时意志力较低、痛苦耐受力较高和感知到的否定感较强。这些发现提供了证据，表明人格功能会影响日常生活，并支持在概念化人格病理学时使用替代人格障碍模式。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2021 APA，保留所有权利）。
