Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China.
Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, 210095, China.
Chemosphere. 2021 Jun;272:129577. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129577. Epub 2021 Jan 7.
Dicarboximide fungicides mainly including procymidone, iprodione, vinclozolin, and dimethachlon are often applied as protective fungicides, 3,5-dichloroaniline (3,5-DCA) is their common metabolite in plant and environment. In this study, the acute toxicity of procymidone, iprodione and their metabolite of 3,5-DCA toward zebrafish was evaluated by semi-static method. The enrichment and metabolism of procymidone and iprodione in zebrafish were also clarified. The results indicated that procymidone and iprodione exhibited moderately toxic to adult zebrafish with the LC of 2.00 mg/L, 5.70 mg/L at 96 h. Both procymidone and iprodione could be metabolized to 3,5-DCA in zebrafish, which showed higher toxic to adult zebrafish with the LC of 1.64 mg/L at 96 h. From the perspective of histomorphology, for all treatment groups, the brain of the zebrafish was significantly damaged, while the damage to gut and gills was lighter. For procymidone, the biological concentration factor (BCF) were 236 and 246 at the exposure concentration of 0.2 mg/L and 0.04 mg/L, and the BCF were 3.2 and 2.4 for iprodione at the exposure concentration of 0.5 mg/L and 0.1 mg/L. Therefore, the procymidone and iprodione were moderate-enriched and low-enriched in zebrafish, respectively.
二甲酰亚胺类杀菌剂主要包括腐霉利、异菌脲、戊菌隆和二甲噻草胺，通常作为保护性杀菌剂使用，3,5-二氯苯胺（3,5-DCA）是其在植物和环境中的常见代谢物。本研究采用半静态法评价了腐霉利、异菌脲及其代谢物 3,5-DCA 对斑马鱼的急性毒性，并阐明了腐霉利和异菌脲在斑马鱼体内的富集和代谢情况。结果表明，腐霉利和异菌脲对成鱼具有中等毒性，96 h 的 LC 分别为 2.00 和 5.70 mg/L。腐霉利和异菌脲均可在斑马鱼体内代谢为 3,5-DCA，对成鱼的毒性更高，96 h 的 LC 分别为 1.64 和 1.64 mg/L。从组织形态学的角度来看，对于所有处理组，斑马鱼的大脑均受到显著损伤，而肠道和鳃的损伤较轻。对于腐霉利，在暴露浓度为 0.2 和 0.04 mg/L 时，生物浓缩因子（BCF）分别为 236 和 246，在暴露浓度为 0.5 和 0.1 mg/L 时，BCF 分别为 3.2 和 2.4。因此，腐霉利和异菌脲在斑马鱼体内分别为中度富集和低度富集。
