Challenges and Considerations on Risk-Reducing Surgery in Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer.

Cancer survivors harboring inherited pathogenic variants in the breast cancer (BC) susceptibility genes or are at increased risk of ovarian cancer (OC) and also of contralateral BC. For these women, risk-reducing surgery (RRS) may contribute to risk management. However, women with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer (ABC) were excluded from clinical trials evaluating the benefit of these procedures in the carriers, and thus, current guidelines do not recommend RRS in this specific setting. Although ABC remains an incurable disease, recent advances in treatment have led to increased survival, which, together with improvement in RRS techniques, raise questions about the potential role of RRS in the management of ABC patients. When should RRS be discussed as an option for patients diagnosed with ABC? To address this issue, we report two clinical cases that reflect new challenges in routine oncology practice. Team experience and patient motivations may shape multidisciplinary decisions in the absence of evidence-based data. A wise rationale may be the analysis of the competing risks of death by a previous ABC against risk of death by a secondary BC or OC, tailored to patient preferences.