Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China.
Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jan 14;22(2):786. doi: 10.3390/ijms22020786.
Chromosomal rearrangements comprise unbalanced structural variations resulting in gain or loss of DNA copy numbers, as well as balanced events including translocation and inversion that are copy number neutral, both of which contribute to phenotypic evolution in organisms. The exquisite genetic assay and gene editing tools available for the model organism facilitate deep exploration of the mechanisms underlying chromosomal rearrangements. We discuss here the pathways and influential factors of chromosomal rearrangements in . Several methods have been developed to generate on-demand chromosomal rearrangements and map the breakpoints of rearrangement events. Finally, we highlight the contributions of chromosomal rearrangements to drive phenotypic evolution in various strains. Given the evolutionary conservation of DNA replication and recombination in organisms, the knowledge gathered in the small genome of yeast can be extended to the genomes of higher eukaryotes.
染色体重排包括导致 DNA 拷贝数增加或减少的不平衡结构变异，以及平衡事件，包括不改变拷贝数的易位和倒位，这些都有助于生物体的表型进化。模式生物中可用的精确遗传检测和基因编辑工具促进了对染色体重排机制的深入探索。在这里，我们讨论了 在 中染色体重排的途径和影响因素。已经开发了几种方法来产生按需染色体重排并绘制重排事件的断点。最后，我们强调了染色体重排在驱动各种 菌株表型进化方面的贡献。鉴于 DNA 复制和重组在生物体中的进化保守性，从小型酵母基因组中收集的知识可以扩展到高等真核生物的基因组。
