Chulvi-Medrano Iván, Pombo Manuel, Saavedra-García Miguel Ángel, Rebullido Tamara Rial, Faigenbaum Avery D
Sport Performance and Physical Fitness Research Group (UIRFIDE), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Coruña, 15179 A Coruña, Spain.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2020 Aug 20;5(3):64. doi: 10.3390/jfmk5030064.
Much of the evidence examining temporal trends in fitness among youth has found a decrease in measures of muscular strength and muscular power over recent decades. The aim of this study was to examine trends in lower body muscular power in Spanish boys over 47 years. In 1969 140 boys (10-11 years; body mass index = 19.24, SD = 2.91 kg/m) and in 2016, 113 boys (10-11 years; body mass index = 19.20, SD = 3.15 kg/m) were recruited. Lower body power was assessed using the vertical jump (VJ) and standing long jump (SLJ) tests. Significant differences and a large effect size were shown between groups in the SLJ ( = 0.001; d = 0.94) and the VJ ( = 0.001; d = 0.66). SLJ data in 1969 were higher (1.52 m, SD = 0.19) when compared to the 2016 data (1.34 m, SD = 0.18). The VJ performance of the 1969 sample was also higher (25.95 cm; SD = 6.58) than the 2016 sample (21.56 cm; SD = 4.72). SLJ and VJ performance of the 2016 group decreased 11.8% and 16.9%, respectively. There were no significant differences between groups in body mass index. The results indicate a secular decline in lower body muscular power in 10-11-year-old Spanish boys with no significant changes in body mass index over the 47-year study period.
许多研究青少年健康状况时间趋势的证据表明，近几十年来，肌肉力量和肌肉功率的测量值有所下降。本研究的目的是调查47年间西班牙男孩下肢肌肉功率的变化趋势。1969年招募了140名男孩（10 - 11岁；体重指数 = 19.24，标准差 = 2.91 kg/m²），2016年招募了113名男孩（10 - 11岁；体重指数 = 19.20，标准差 = 3.15 kg/m²）。使用垂直跳（VJ）和立定跳远（SLJ）测试评估下肢功率。两组在SLJ（P = 0.001；d = 0.94）和VJ（P = 0.001；d = 0.66）方面显示出显著差异和较大的效应量。与2016年的数据（1.34 m，标准差 = 0.18）相比，1969年的SLJ数据更高（1.52 m，标准差 = 0.19）。1969年样本的VJ成绩（25.95 cm；标准差 = 6.58）也高于2016年样本（21.56 cm；标准差 = 4.72）。2016年组的SLJ和VJ成绩分别下降了11.8%和16.9%。两组在体重指数方面无显著差异。结果表明，在47年的研究期间，10 - 11岁西班牙男孩的下肢肌肉功率呈长期下降趋势，而体重指数无显著变化。
