Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Australia.
School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Australia.
J Sci Med Sport. 2018 Oct;21(10):1057-1061. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.04.005. Epub 2018 May 17.
Muscular strength is an important component of fitness that enables the execution of a range of daily activities across the lifespan including sport participation. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in children's standing broad jump, an indicator of muscular strength, between 1985 and 2015.
Two representative cross-sectional population surveys of Australian children age 9-15 years (n=7051).
In 1985 and 2015 children's standing broad jump (SBJ; cm) and anthropometry were measured by trained field teams. General linear regression examined the temporal change in SBJ by sex and age adjusting for height, weight, socioeconomic status, and linguistic background.
Over a 30-year period, the height, weight, and BMI of children significantly increased and muscular strength decreased. Among boys, the adjusted SBJ distance declined -4.5cms (95%CI -8.8, -0.10) in 9-11 year olds and 7.6cms (95%CI -12.5, -2.7) in 12-15 year olds. Among girls, the adjusted SBJ distance declined 8.5cms (95%CI -12.9, -4.2) in 9-11 year olds and 9.3cms (95%CI -14.1, -4.6) in 12-15 year olds. Larger declines in the distance jumped were observed among children and adolescents from non-English speaking backgrounds, than English speaking peers and children from low socioeconomic neighbourhoods than the declines among children from high SES neighbourhoods.
Overall, the distance children and adolescents jumped in 2015 was lower than the distance their peers jumped in 1985. The declines differed by sex and sociodemographic characteristics, which suggests targeted sub-population interventions to improve children's muscular strength should be considered.
肌肉力量是健康的一个重要组成部分，使人们能够在一生中执行各种日常活动，包括参与运动。本研究的目的是检查儿童的站立跳远（一种肌肉力量的指标）在 1985 年至 2015 年间的变化。
对 1985 年和 2015 年澳大利亚 9-15 岁儿童（n=7051）进行了两次具有代表性的横断面人群调查。
由训练有素的实地团队测量儿童的站立跳远（SBJ；cm）和人体测量学。一般线性回归通过性别和年龄调整 SBJ，考虑身高、体重、社会经济地位和语言背景，以检验 SBJ 的时间变化。
在 30 年期间，儿童的身高、体重和 BMI 显著增加，肌肉力量下降。在男孩中，9-11 岁儿童的调整后 SBJ 距离下降了-4.5cm（95%CI-8.8，-0.10），12-15 岁儿童下降了 7.6cm（95%CI-12.5，-2.7）。在女孩中，9-11 岁儿童的调整后 SBJ 距离下降了 8.5cm（95%CI-12.9，-4.2），12-15 岁儿童下降了 9.3cm（95%CI-14.1，-4.6）。与英语为母语的同龄人相比，来自非英语国家背景的儿童和青少年跳跃距离的下降幅度更大，来自低社会经济地位社区的儿童跳跃距离的下降幅度大于来自高社会经济地位社区的儿童。
总体而言，2015 年儿童和青少年跳跃的距离低于其同龄人在 1985 年跳跃的距离。下降幅度因性别和社会人口特征而异，这表明应考虑针对特定亚人群的干预措施来提高儿童的肌肉力量。
