Cannata Francesca, Vadalà Gianluca, Ambrosio Luca, Papalia Rocco, Napoli Nicola
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy.
Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2020 Nov 13;5(4):83. doi: 10.3390/jfmk5040083.
Diabetes is a worldwide disease also affecting the sports field. The two main forms of diabetes, namely type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), differ in both their pathological and pharmacological characteristics and thus require a distinct nutritional treatment. Diet plays an important role in the management of athletes with diabetes and is crucial to achieving their best performance. This review aims to investigate the objectives of nutritional therapy before, during and after training, in order to improve the best composition of macronutrients during meals. In this review, we provide a brief overview of recent studies about nutritional approaches to people with diabetes for performance optimization and for the control of diabetes-related complications. Thereafter, we discuss the differences between macronutrients and dietary intake before, during and after training. It can be concluded that each sport has particular characteristics in terms of endurance and power, hence demanding a specific energy expenditure and consequent nutritional adjustments. Therefore, the management of athletes with diabetes must be personalized and supported by medical professionals, including a diabetologist, physiologist and a nutritionist.
糖尿病是一种全球性疾病，也影响着体育领域。糖尿病的两种主要类型，即1型糖尿病（T1D）和2型糖尿病（T2D），在病理和药理特性上都有所不同，因此需要不同的营养治疗。饮食在糖尿病运动员的管理中起着重要作用，对于他们发挥最佳表现至关重要。本综述旨在研究训练前、训练期间和训练后的营养治疗目标，以优化进餐时宏量营养素的最佳组成。在本综述中，我们简要概述了近期关于糖尿病患者营养方法的研究，这些方法旨在优化表现以及控制糖尿病相关并发症。此后，我们讨论了训练前、训练期间和训练后的宏量营养素及饮食摄入量之间的差异。可以得出结论，每项运动在耐力和力量方面都有其特定特征，因此需要特定的能量消耗以及相应的营养调整。因此，糖尿病运动员的管理必须个性化，并得到包括糖尿病专家、生理学家和营养师在内的医学专业人员的支持。
