College of Social Work, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Trauma Violence Abuse. 2022 Oct;23(4):1048-1062. doi: 10.1177/1524838020985561. Epub 2021 Jan 20.
Resilience is critical among survivors of trafficking as they are mostly vulnerable populations who face multiple adversities before, during, and after trafficking. However, resilience in survivors of trafficking is understudied. This scoping review aims to clarify the current state of knowledge, focusing on definitions of resilience, how resilience has been studied, and factors associated with resilience among survivors. Five databases were searched using key words related to trafficking and resilience. Studies were included if they were published in English between 2000 and 2019 and focused on resilience with the study design including at least one of these four features: (a) use of standardized measures of resilience, (b) qualitative descriptions of resilience, (c) participants were survivors or professionals serving survivors, and (d) data sources such as case files or program manuals directly pertained to survivors. Eighteen studies were identified. Findings indicated that resilience was primarily described as emergent from interactions between the survivor and the environment. Resilience in trafficking appeared largely similar to resilience in other kinds of victimization. Nonetheless, trafficking survivors also may display resilience in alternative ways such as refusing treatment. Positive interpersonal relationships were the most commonly mentioned resilience factor. In addition, current research lacks studies featuring longitudinal designs, interventions, participatory methods, types of trafficking other than sexual trafficking, and demographic characteristics such as age, gender, and national origin. Future research needs to establish definitions and measures of resilience that are culturally and contextually relevant to survivors and build knowledge necessary for designing and evaluating resilience-enhancing interventions.
韧性在人口贩运幸存者中至关重要，因为他们大多是弱势群体，在人口贩运之前、期间和之后都面临着多种逆境。然而，人口贩运幸存者的韧性研究还很不足。本范围综述旨在阐明当前的知识状况，重点关注韧性的定义、研究方法以及与幸存者韧性相关的因素。使用与人口贩运和韧性相关的关键词对五个数据库进行了搜索。如果研究发表于 2000 年至 2019 年期间，且使用了标准化的韧性衡量标准、对韧性进行了定性描述、研究对象为幸存者或为幸存者服务的专业人员，或数据来源如案例文件或项目手册与幸存者直接相关，则将其纳入研究。共确定了 18 项研究。研究结果表明，韧性主要是幸存者与环境相互作用的结果。人口贩运中的韧性与其他类型的受害中的韧性大致相似。然而，人口贩运幸存者也可能以其他方式表现出韧性，例如拒绝治疗。积极的人际关系是最常提到的韧性因素。此外，目前的研究缺乏具有纵向设计、干预措施、参与式方法、除性贩运以外的其他类型的贩运以及年龄、性别和原籍国等人口统计学特征的研究。未来的研究需要确定与幸存者相关的文化和背景适当的韧性定义和衡量标准，并为设计和评估增强韧性的干预措施提供必要的知识。
