斯里兰卡北部地区学童的营养状况。
Nutritional status of school children living in Northern part of Sri Lanka.
机构信息
Department of Paediatrics, University of Jaffna, PO Box: 57, Adiyapatham Road, Jaffna, Sri Lanka.
Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
出版信息
BMC Pediatr. 2021 Jan 19;21(1):43. doi: 10.1186/s12887-021-02501-w.
BACKGROUND
Nutritional status is an important indicator for measuring quality of life in children. A region that is recovering from war will face many problems related to nutrition. Very few studies have addressed the nutritional problems in school children. This study was undertaken to identify the prevalence of wasting, stunting and obesity among school children from Northern Sri Lanka and associated socio-demographic factors.
METHODS
A community based cross-sectional study was carried out using multistage stratified proportionate cluster among healthy children attending schools in the Northern part of the country. Height and weight were measured, and Body Mass Index (BMI) calculated [weight (kg)/Height (m) ]. BMI-for-age z-score (BAZ) and Height for age Z (HAZ) scores were determined and WHO growth references were used to categorise the nutritional status. Correlation between various nutritional problems with Maternal education, household income, number of family members and the residential area was assessed.
RESULTS
A total of 1012 children were recruited, and the mean age and standard deviation were 11.12±1.77 yrs. Girls in the age ranges of 9-14 were heavier and taller when compared to the boys compatible with the pubertal growth spurt. Stunting based on the height for age was seen in 10.9% of boys and 11.8% of girls. Wasting based on BMI for age WHO standard (WHO 2007) was seen in 30.6% of boys and 29.1% of the girls. The prevalence of overweight was 11% and Obesity was 6.3% of the population. Obesity was predominantly seen in boys (4.2%) and it was significantly higher when compared to the girls (2.1%) (p < 0.001). Obesity in older boys (> 10 years) was significantly more than the younger ones (p < 0.01). Maternal education and family income had a significant impact on the prevalence of wasting, stunting and obesity whereas the family size contributed to the wasting and obesity (p< 0.001).
CONCLUSION
Findings suggest that stunting, wasting, overweight and obesity are prevalent among 6-16-year-old leading to concerns in public health. The nutritional status significantly varies according to the geographical location, maternal education and the household income.
背景
营养状况是衡量儿童生活质量的重要指标。一个正在从战争中恢复的地区将面临许多与营养相关的问题。很少有研究涉及学龄儿童的营养问题。本研究旨在确定斯里兰卡北部地区学龄儿童中消瘦、发育迟缓及肥胖的流行情况及其相关社会人口学因素。
方法
采用多阶段分层比例聚类方法，在该国北部地区的健康儿童中进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究。测量身高和体重，并计算体重指数（BMI）[体重（kg）/身高（m）]。根据 WHO 生长参考标准确定体重与年龄 Z 评分（BAZ）和身高与年龄 Z 评分（HAZ），并进行分类。评估各种营养问题与母亲教育、家庭收入、家庭成员数量和居住区域之间的相关性。
结果
共纳入 1012 名儿童，平均年龄和标准差分别为 11.12±1.77 岁。9-14 岁女孩的体重和身高均高于男孩，这与青春期生长突增一致。根据身高与年龄的关系，10.9%的男孩和 11.8%的女孩存在发育迟缓。根据 WHO 2007 年标准，10.9%的男孩和 11.8%的女孩存在消瘦。超重的患病率为 11%，肥胖的患病率为 6.3%。肥胖主要见于男孩（4.2%），显著高于女孩（2.1%）（p<0.001）。年龄较大的男孩（>10 岁）肥胖的比例显著高于年龄较小的男孩（p<0.01）。母亲教育和家庭收入对消瘦、发育迟缓及肥胖的患病率有显著影响，而家庭规模对消瘦和肥胖有影响（p<0.001）。
结论
研究结果表明，6-16 岁儿童中普遍存在消瘦、发育迟缓、超重和肥胖，这引起了人们对公共卫生的关注。营养状况根据地理位置、母亲教育和家庭收入的不同而有显著差异。
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